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Jack London
Student: Kanatbek Inkar Fl17-7
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- Jack London was a 19th century
American author and journalist.
- Born on January 12, 1876, in San
Francisco, California.
- Real name: John Griffith Chaney
- After working in the Klondike, London
returned home and began publishing
stories.
- His novels, including The Call of the
Wild, White Fang and Martin Eden,
placed London among the most popular
American authors of his time.
- London died in 1916. Jack London
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Early Years
Journalist and author John Griffith Chaney, better
known as Jack London, was born on January 12, 1876, in
San Francisco, California. Jack, as he came to call himself
as a boy, was the son of Flora Wellman, an unwed mother,
and William Chaney, an attorney, journalist and pioneering
leader in the new field of American astrology.
His father was never part of his life, and his mother
ended up marrying John London, a Civil War veteran, who
moved his new family around the Bay Area before settling
in Oakland.
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Jack London grew up
working-class. He carved out
his own hardscrabble life as a
teen. He rode trains, pirated
oysters, shoveled coal, worked
on a sealing ship on the Pacific
and found employment in a
cannery. In his free time he
hunkered down at libraries,
soaking up novels and travel
books.
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The Young Writer
His life as a writer essentially began in 1893. That year he had
weathered a harrowing sealing voyage, one in which a typhoon had nearly
taken out London and his crew. The 17-year-old adventurer had made it
home and regaled his mother with his tales of what had happened to him.
When she saw an announcement in one of the local papers for a writing
contest, she pushed her son to write down and submit his story.
For London, the contest was an eye-opening experience, and he
decided to dedicate his life to writing short stories. But he had trouble
finding willing publishers. After trying to make a go of it on the East Coast,
he returned to California and briefly enrolled at the University of California
at Berkeley, before heading north to Canada to seek at least a small
fortune in the gold rush happening in the Yukon.
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By the age of 22, however, London still
hadn't put together much of a living. He had
once again returned to California and was
still determined to carve out a living as a
writer. His experience in the Yukon had
convinced him he had stories he could tell.
In addition, his own poverty and that of the
struggling men and women he encountered
pushed him to embrace socialism.
In 1899 he began publishing stories in
the Overland Monthly . The experience of
writing and getting published greatly
disciplined London as a writer. From that
time forward, London made it a practice to
write at least a thousand words a day.
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Commercial Success
London found fame and some fortune at the age of 27 with his
novel The Call of the Wild (1903), which told the story of a dog that finds its
place in the world as a sled dog in the Yukon.
The success did little to soften London's hard-driving lifestyle. A prolific
writer, he published more than 50 books over the last 16 years of his life.
The titles included The People of the Abyss (1903), which offered a
scathing critique of capitalism; White Fang (1906), a popular tale about a
wild wolf dog becoming domesticated; and John Barleycorn (1913), a
memoir of sorts that detailed his lifelong battle with alcohol.
He charged forth in other ways, too. He covered the Russo-Japanese
War in 1904 for Hearst papers, introduced American readers to Hawaii and
the sport of surfing, and frequently lectured about the problems associated
with capitalism.
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Jack London held socialist views . These views were
evident in his writing, speeches and other activities. He
was a member of the Socialist Labor Party and the
Socialist Party of America. He was a Socialist candidate for
mayor of Oakland in 1901 and 1905, but did not receive
the votes he needed to get elected. He made several
socialist-themed speeches across the country in 1906 and
also published several essays sharing his socialist views. Political Views
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Jack London published his first two novels, "The Cruise of the Dazzler"
and "A Daughter of the Snows" in 1902. A year later, at the age of 27, he
achieved commercial success with his most famous novel, "
The Call of the Wild ". This short adventure novel was set during the 1890's
Klondike Gold Rush, which London experienced firsthand during his year in
Yukon, and centered around a St. Bernard-Scotch Shepherd named Buck.
The book remains in print today.
In 1906, London published his second most famous novel as a
companion novel to "The Call of the Wild". Titled " White Fang " , the novel is
set during the 1890's Klondike Gold Rush and tells the story of a wild
wolfdog named White Fang. The book was an immediate success and has
since been adapted into movies and a television series. Famous Works
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Final Years
In 1900 London married Bess Maddern. The couple had two
daughters together, Joan and Bess. By some accounts Bess and
London's relationship was constructed less around love and more
around the idea that they could have strong, healthy children together.
It's not surprising, then, that their marriage lasted just a few years. In
1905, following his divorce from Bess, London married Charmian
Kittredge, whom he would be with for the rest of his life.
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For much of the last decade
of his life, London faced a
number of health issues. This
included kidney disease, which
ended up taking his life. He
died at his California ranch,
which he shared with
Kittredge, on November 22,
1916.
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