JSC "Semey City, Shakarim
University".
Faculty of Engineering and Technology
Department of Chemical Technology and
Ecology
ESSAY
Pocket
personal computers
Author:
Kabylkakov Amirzhan
2024 year.
Table of
contents:
Introduction
1. History of the emergence of pocket personal
computers
2.
Advantages of pocket personal computers
2.1
Functions of pocket personal computers
2.
2. Operating systems of pocket personal
computers
2.3.
Smartphone
3. Conclusion
4. References
Introduction
In the modern world, everything flows and
changes very quickly, the rhythm of big cities dictates its own
rules and laws. A modern person, in order to keep up with the
times, and not lag behind, must react to everything with lightning
speed. And for this, more and more powerful devices are being
created, the so-called “all-in-one”, a telephone and a computer, a
music player, a photo - video camera, and satellite navigation.
Based on this, the so-called PDA was
created - a pocket personal computer, running
an operating system.
The small size allows users to transform any
place, be it a hotel room, an airport cafe, a table in a
restaurant, into an office. This quality of it - portability - is
especially valuable for those whose profession involves frequent
travel and business trips. PDAs have display screens that hold five
to ten lines of text.
By connecting to an appropriate printer, the
user can print any file stored in memory; when a complex program
requires additional memory space, memory cards can be used. Using a
modem, which transmits computer data over a telephone line, a
laptop computer can exchange information with other
computers.
In English, the phrase “pocket PC” is a
trademark of Microsoft and refers to one of the types of
PDAs.
The purpose of this work is to study the
functions of pocket personal computers. The objectives of this work
are: studying history, the advantages of pocket personal computers
and smartphones.
1. History of the
emergence of pocket personal computers
The idea of pocket
computers was finally formed in the period of the 70s - 90s. During
this time, a path has been passed from programmable calculators to
color PDAs that allow you to watch videos and access the Internet.
About 10 new operating systems and about a hundred different PDA
devices were created. The original term was first applied on
January 7, 1992 by John Sculley to the Apple Newton at the Consumer
Electronics Show in Las Vegas.
The beginning of the history of pocket personal
computers (PDAs) can also be considered the moment when the first
touch screens appeared. In 1993, Apple created the first PDA -
Newton MessagePad. The pocket computer was powered by an ARM-610 20
MHz processor, had 4 MB ROM memory, 640 KB RAM, a touch display
with a resolution of 336 x 240 pixels and weighed 400 grams. Almost
immediately, the newly created Palm Computing company released
Zoomer, a pocket computer.
In 1996, the Palm Pilot pocket computer, running
the PalmOS operating system, appeared, and a year later the Pilot
Proffesional pocket computer appeared.
PDAs turned out to be so successful, and the
PalmOS operating system was so unpretentious, Microsoft Corporation
soon released an operating system specifically designed for use in
mobile devices - Windows CE.
In mid-2001, the first copies of the Nokia-9210
appeared, combining the functions of a PDA and a cell phone. The
device operates under the Symbian operating system.
2.
Advantages of pocket personal computers
2.1
Functions of pocket personal computers
A pocket personal computer (PDA, English
Personal Digital Assistant, PDA “personal digital secretary”) is a
portable computing device with wide capabilities. It is impossible
to make calls from a “classic” PDA, and the PDA is not a mobile
phone, so to date, classic PDAs have been almost completely
replaced by communicators - PDAs with a cellular module and
smartphones.
Functions of pocket personal computers: reading
books, reference texts, dictionaries, encyclopedias, e-mail, web
pages, magazines and other documents in different text
formats.
Maps of the area. if there is a GPS module
(global positioning system). It also makes all kinds of records:
memos, contact information, databases, and can also automatically
remind you of schedule points.
The sound player function is completely
customizable by software: you can select a program with a suitable
interface and functionality, and there is also a voice recorder
when using additional software.
Makes notes by hand, which allows you to quickly
sketch out a memo, with the ability to draw by hand using a stylus,
as well as typing texts. An on-screen keyboard, handwriting input,
and a full plug-in keyboard are available. Some models also have a
slide-out keyboard.
View images, watch videos and various movies. As
well as the availability of graphics programs.
Camera, video camera - built-in or
connected.
You can connect to the Internet via a wireless
Wi-Fi network. Provides remote control - all household appliances
that have an infrared port can be controlled using specialized
programs. Office applications, as well as PDAs, are actively used
in the trading business by merchandisers to collect information
about the remaining goods at the point of sale.
2.2
Operating systems of pocket personal computers
Operating system, OS, axis (English
operatingsystem) - a basic set of computer programs that provides
control of computer hardware, work with files, input and output of
data, as well as the execution of various application programs and
applications.
When you turn on your computer, the operating
system is loaded into memory before other programs and then serves
as the basis for their operation.
There are two concepts: “closed” and “open”
operating systems.
"Closed" OS
|
"Open" OS
|
This is a program that is
closed to the user, i.e. he cannot change it on his own, install
additional programs, all data is provided by the
manufacturer.
|
This is a program that is
open to the user, i.e. he can independently change it, install
additional programs, update the operating system
version.
|
An example would be a regular
mobile phone.
|
Smartphone
PDA
Communicator.
|
There are three main operating systems (OS) for
pocket computers - Palm OS, Microsoft Windows-CE and EPOC. They
have much more differences in system resource requirements than
Windows, Linux and Mac OS. The processors have different
architectures. For the same reason (difference in architecture) it
is impossible to equate the performance of PDAs and desktop
systems, but the use of voice input in pocket computers suggests
that their central processors have reached the performance of at
least a Pentium processor. Palm OS. Today, handheld computers of
the Palm family have become more widespread. This company itself
makes the Palm OS operating system, which is tightly tied to the
processor.
Symbian is an operating system that is becoming
widespread in PDAs, cell phones and communicators. Nowadays, PDAs
are increasingly becoming devices for communicating with the
outside world, primarily through the World Wide Web-Internet. You
can access the Internet from a PDA via a cell phone on almost any
model from all manufacturers.
Today, the main operating systems for PDAs and
smartphones are: Google Android, developed by the Open Handset
Alliance; iOS from Apple; Windows Phone; Windows 10 Mobile. Also
used: Windows Mobile BlackBerry from Research In Motion;
GNU/Linux.
2.3
Smartphone
The so-called communicators - PDAs with a
built-in mobile communication module. Communicators have a number
of disadvantages compared to conventional PDAs, the main one of
which is shorter battery life. By the beginning of 2008, classic
PDAs were practically replaced by smartphones and
communicators.
A modern smartphone has a small size and weight
of about 300-500 g, an operating system suitable for running a
full-fledged software - text editor, spreadsheet processor, games,
equipped with a monochrome or color LCD screen. It is possible to
connect a variety of external devices, both traditional (modem,
printer) and special ones (bar code scanner, cell phone). Through a
standard connector or an infrared port, you can connect the PDA to
a desktop computer to exchange data in both directions. Data from a
pocket computer can be transferred to a desktop personal computer
in familiar formats (Excel and Word). The pocket computer is
capable of operating from internal power sources from 20 to 60
hours.
The main manufacturers are Sony, Philips, Casio,
LG, Compaq. The software package for the PDA includes
synchronization programs that provide data transfer from a computer
to a pocket personal computer and back via a USB port.
Using the example of Kyocera's Smartphone, it
looks like a massive cell phone; it is a fully-fledged Palm device
running on the Palm OS family. Smartphone ushered in a new era of
devices designed to free users from the need to carry two devices
at once: a cell phone and a PDA. You can call the numbers listed in
your address book, as well as use all the capabilities of pocket
computers. If your tariff plan allows, you can work with the
Internet. The built-in microphone of the phone's computer is able
to recognize the spoken phone number or the caller's name and dial
the number independently. Samsung is preparing such devices as CDMA
and GSM. CDMA devices NeoPoint-2000 and NeoPoint-2600 are phones
with PDA functions.
3.
Conclusion
Today's handheld computers (PDAs) are an example
of miniaturization and advances in high technology that allow us to
carry out work even when we are outside the home (for example, an
office, a hotel room, a cafe).
A personal digital assistant (PDA) is quite
small, but can still perform complex programs and text editing in
addition to routine calculations. And thanks to this, she has more
free time for herself and her family. The popularity of PDAs in
Russia is growing day by day. In the near future, PDAs and
smartphones will almost completely replace conventional cell
phones. To keep up with progress, the time has come for us to think
about choosing a PDA or a smartphone.
Moreover, at the moment, a smartphone is today a
so-called pocket personal computer, because it contains various
programs and is capable of performing the same functions as a PDA,
but it is much more convenient to use and at the same time avoids
the possibility of carrying 2 devices with you at once
simultaneously (cell phone and PDA).
Thus, we can conclude that PDAs are currently
practically replaced by modern smartphones.
4.
References
1. Information technologies Gokhberg G.S.,
Korotkin A.A. 2014 Ed. Academy
2. Computer science textbook for universities
Makarova N.V., V.B Volkov Published Peter 2013
3.
http://information-technology.ru/articles/20-it/126-chto-takoe-karmannyj-kompyuter
4. http://hpc.ru/lib/arts/1952/
5. http://megabook.ru/article
6.
http://fb.ru/article/81191/chto-takoe-kpk-dlya-chego-nujen-karmannyiy-kompyuter
7.
http://www.ihand.ru/history.shtml
8. http://ru-wiki.ru/