THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

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THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Theme: Geographical Survey. Economy.

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Plan: 1 • Geographical Position 2 • Climate 3 • Mineral resources and their deposits. 4 • Inland waters 5 • Economy

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GEORAPHICAL POSITION The United States owes much of its national character -- and its wealth -- to its good fortune in having such a large and varied landmass to inhabit and cultivate. Yet the country still exhibits marks of regional identity, and one way Americans cope with the size of their country is to think of themselves as linked geographically by certain traits, such as New England self-reliance, southern hospitality, Midwestern wholesomeness, western mellowness. This lecture examines American geography through the filters of six main regions: New England , made up of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island. The West , comprising Colorado, Wyoming, Montana, Utah, California, Nevada, Idaho, Oregon, Washington, Alaska, and Hawaii. The Southwest , made up of western Texas, portions of Oklahoma, New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, and the southern interior part of California. The Midwest , a broad collection of states sweeping westward from Ohio to Nebraska and including Michigan, Indiana, Wisconsin, Illinois, Minnesota, The South, which runs from Virginia south to Florida and west as far as central Texas. This region also includes West Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, North Carolina, South Carolina, The Middle Atlantic , comprising New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Maryland . 1 654 32

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CLIMATE North America’s climate is changeable. There are places that are warm all the year round and there are places covered with ice and snow where summer never comes. The United States occupies a large area in the central part of the North American Continent. Winters in the northern part of the country are long and cold. In the South winters are much shorter. Average temperature in January is mild. As the northern part of the country has such long winters the growing season is quite short. In the South the growing season is much longer. In fact in some of the states it is nine month long . The climate of these places is affected by other things besides the distance from the Equator.

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• INLAND WATERS The longest river in the US is the Mississippi with its tributary of Missouri (7,300km long). The other main tributary of the Mississippi, flowing into it from the east, is the Ohio River. The Mississippi flows to the south and empties into the Gulf of Mexico at New Orleans. Another important river of the USA is the Hudson River which flows across the north-eastern part of the country and empties into the Atlantic Ocean at New York. The rivers in the west of the country are unsuitable for navigation because they flow through deep canyons and are cut by numerous rapids, which fact, however, makes them a good source of electric power. These rivers start in the Cordilleras and empty into the Pacific Ocean. The largest among them are the Columbia River and the Colorado River.

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MINERAL RESOURCES The USA is rich in coal, iron and oil. There are coal-mines in the Cordillera Mountains, in the Kansas City region and in the east near Birmingham and Pittsburgh. Iron is mined near the Great Lakes and in the Birmingham, Pittsburgh and Philadelphia areas. In California and Texas there are rich oil- fields. There are also deposits of silver and gold.

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ECONOMY The USA is a country of highly developed economy. Heavy industry includes such branches as mining, metallurgical engineering and chemical industries. Detroit is a large motor-car industry centre. Shipbuilding is developed along the Atlantic coast and in San Francisco on the Pacific coast. Textile industry is also well-developed, especially in the South near large cotton plantations. Cotton is grown in the Mississippi Valley, tobacco in Maryland and Virginia. California is famous for its fruit plantations, and the West-for its cattle- farming. Poultry-farming is wide- spread in the countryside near all big citiesAgriculture is very wide- spread, above all in the prairie regions, where wheat and other grain crops are grown.