ALAN TURING

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A FAMOUS SCIENTIST IN MY FIELD OF RESEARCH BY ZHANUZAKOV S. ALAN TURING

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GENERAL INFORMATION Alan Mathison Turing was a British computer scientist, mathematician, cryptanalyst and ultra distance runner. He was highly influential for the development of computer science and for providing formalization for concepts algorithm and computation with the Turing machine, considered one of the first computers of the history.

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EARLY LIFE Alan Mathison Turing was born in Maida Vale, London, on June 23, 1912. School teachers recognized Alan's extraordinary mental abilities, but did not attach importance to them. The boy attended a prestigious school in the city of Schoenborn, where he showed a special interest in the exact sciences. Turing studied at King's College, Cambridge, where he received a first-class honours degree in mathematics. At the young age of 22, he was elected a research fellow at Queen's University thanks to a dissertation in which he proved the central limit theorem.

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SCIENCE In 1936, Turing's work "On Computable Numbers" was published, in the text of which Alan introduced the concept of a universal machine (later it was called a Turing machine). The Turing machine calculated everything possible, the concept of a modern personal computer is based on a project developed by Turing.

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SECOND WORLD WAR During the Second World War, Turing was a leading participant in the breaking of German ciphers at Bletchley Park. The historian and wartime code breaker As Briggs has said, “You needed exceptional talent, you needed genius at Bletchley and Turing’s was that genius.” He created a cryptanalysis device known as the bombe that broke the Nazi code of Enigma. Turing had something of a reputation for eccentricity at Bletchley Park. He was known to his colleagues as ‘Prof’ and his treatise on Enigma was known as ‘The Prof’s Book’. In 1945, Turing was awarded the OBE by King George VI for his wartime services, but his work remained secret for many years

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AFTER WAR In 1945, the war over, Turing was recruited to the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) in London to create an electronic computer. His design for the Automatic Computing Engine (ACE) was the first complete specification of an electronic stored-program all-purpose digital computer. Had Turing’s ACE been built as he planned, it would have had vastly more memory than any of the other early computers, as well as being faster. However, his colleagues at NPL thought the engineering too difficult to attempt, and a much smaller machine was built, the Pilot Model ACE (1950).

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MARATHON RUNNER While working at Bletchley, Turing, who was a talented long-distance runner, occasionally ran the 40 miles (64 km) to London when he was needed for high-level meetings, and he was capable of world-class marathon standards. Turing tried out for the 1948 British Olympic team, hampered by an injury.

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IN CINEMA • The historical drama The Imitation Game, directed by Morten Tyldum and starring Benedict Cumberbatch as Turing and Keira Knightley as Joan Clarke, was released in the UK on 14 November 2014 and released theatrically in the US on 28 November 2014. • The Imitation Game has been nominated to 8 Academy Awards.

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