ЖИ көмекші
Қауіпсіз төлем
1 жыл бойы шексіз жүктеңіз
Computer momery
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Computer memory
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M E M O R Y Computer memory
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Lesson Objectives
•To understand the difference between
RAM and ROM
•To be able to explain the need for ROM
•To be able to explain the purpose of RAM
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M E M O R Y Lesson Objectives •To understand the difference between RAM and ROM •To be able to explain the need for ROM •To be able to explain the purpose of RAM
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Memory Recap
•1 bit = ????
•1 byte = ??? bits
•1 kb = ??? bytes
•1 gb = ??? Kb
•1mb = ???gb
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M E M O R Y Memory Recap •1 bit = ???? •1 byte = ??? bits •1 kb = ??? bytes •1 gb = ??? Kb •1mb = ???gb
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Main Memory.
•Memory has increased hugely in the last
20 years.
•1980 - 32kb of memory standard
•2010 - 2gb of memory standard
•“640kb of memory is the limit - more than
anyone will EVER need!”
bill gates, 1981
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M E M O R Y Main Memory. •Memory has increased hugely in the last 20 years. •1980 - 32kb of memory standard •2010 - 2gb of memory standard •“640kb of memory is the limit - more than anyone will EVER need!” bill gates, 1981
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What does “Read Only”
mean?
When have you seen the
term before?
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M E M O R Y R O M ead nly emory What does “Read Only” mean? When have you seen the term before?
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How does a computer start?
•When the computer is first switched on
ROM stores the instructions which it needs
in order to “boot up”.
•ROM is a type of memory that is NON-
VOLATILE. This means that any data which
is saved to it is not lost when the computer
is switched off.
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M E M O R Y How does a computer start? •When the computer is first switched on ROM stores the instructions which it needs in order to “boot up”. •ROM is a type of memory that is NON- VOLATILE. This means that any data which is saved to it is not lost when the computer is switched off.
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ROM
•Because the data is “read only” it means
that it can be read but cannot be changed
by the user.
•The information on the ROM chip is often
programmed by the manufacturer.
•It contains the Boot Program which
–Performs some basic checks
–Finds the operating system
–Hands over control to the operating system
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M E M O R Y ROM •Because the data is “read only” it means that it can be read but cannot be changed by the user. •The information on the ROM chip is often programmed by the manufacturer. •It contains the Boot Program which –Performs some basic checks –Finds the operating system –Hands over control to the operating system
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How much ROM is needed?
•ROM does not need to contain very much
data and is typically just 1 or 2MB in size
•Many devices, including music players,
mobile phones and cameras need ROM to
boot them up.
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M E M O R Y How much ROM is needed? •ROM does not need to contain very much data and is typically just 1 or 2MB in size •Many devices, including music players, mobile phones and cameras need ROM to boot them up.
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M E M O R Y R A M andom ccess emory
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What is RAM?
•Have you ever worked for an entire ICT
lesson only for your computer to crash or
be “accidentally” switched off, and you’ve
lost all the work you were working on?
•That’s because it was stored in the RAM,
and as soon as the computer is switched
off it is emptied. It is VOLATILE
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M E M O R Y What is RAM? •Have you ever worked for an entire ICT lesson only for your computer to crash or be “accidentally” switched off, and you’ve lost all the work you were working on? •That’s because it was stored in the RAM, and as soon as the computer is switched off it is emptied. It is VOLATILE
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What is RAM?
•RAM stores the programs and data that
the computer is currently working on
•The operating system will also be loaded
into RAM in order to run.
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M E M O R Y What is RAM? •RAM stores the programs and data that the computer is currently working on •The operating system will also be loaded into RAM in order to run.
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practical work
Task 1:
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M E M O R Y practical work Task 1:
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Task 2:
•Complete the table below.
RAM ROM
Contents
Volatile?
Size
Can contents
be changed?
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M E M O R Y Task 2: •Complete the table below. RAM ROM Contents Volatile? Size Can contents be changed?
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Task 2:
•Complete the table below.
RAM ROM
Contents Operating system,
programs and data in use
by the CPU
The boot program used to start
and set up the computer
Volatile?Yes No
Size Typically quite large, e.g.
8GB. More RAM enables
the computer to work on
more things at once
Usually quite small just to store
the boot program, 1 or 2 MB
Can contents
be changed?
Yes, contents change all the
time while the computer is
running
Not normally but can be
changed by a special ‘flashing’
operation
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M E M O R Y Task 2: •Complete the table below. RAM ROM Contents Operating system, programs and data in use by the CPU The boot program used to start and set up the computer Volatile?Yes No Size Typically quite large, e.g. 8GB. More RAM enables the computer to work on more things at once Usually quite small just to store the boot program, 1 or 2 MB Can contents be changed? Yes, contents change all the time while the computer is running Not normally but can be changed by a special ‘flashing’ operation
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Task 3:
•In your exam you will need to be able to
explain how RAM can effect performance,
and suggest solutions.
•Complete the exam style question
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M E M O R Y Task 3: •In your exam you will need to be able to explain how RAM can effect performance, and suggest solutions. •Complete the exam style question
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Question 1
Give a suitable reason why Pardeep’s
computer might be running slowly
“Pardeep’s computer might be running
slowly because it doesn’t have sufficient RAM
(1 mark) to deal with all of the applications
and data that he has open at the same time
(1 mark).”
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M E M O R Y Question 1 Give a suitable reason why Pardeep’s computer might be running slowly “Pardeep’s computer might be running slowly because it doesn’t have sufficient RAM (1 mark) to deal with all of the applications and data that he has open at the same time (1 mark).”
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Question 2:
Suggest a related solution to help Pardeep improve the
performance of his computer (2 marks)
“The best solution to overcoming this problem is to add
extra RAM chips (1 mark). This will allow Pardeep to
increase the number of programs or amount of data that
he is able to use at the same time (1 mark)”
Or
“Pardeep could try running less programs at one time,
closing programs that he is not using. (1 mark). This will
mean there is less pressure on the RAM and his computer
will run quicker (1 mark)”
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M E M O R Y Question 2: Suggest a related solution to help Pardeep improve the performance of his computer (2 marks) “The best solution to overcoming this problem is to add extra RAM chips (1 mark). This will allow Pardeep to increase the number of programs or amount of data that he is able to use at the same time (1 mark)” Or “Pardeep could try running less programs at one time, closing programs that he is not using. (1 mark). This will mean there is less pressure on the RAM and his computer will run quicker (1 mark)”
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