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English Adjectives

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Materia ls iron steel rubber paper woollen wooden silver glass plastic Taste sweet sour bitter delicious spicy salty fresh tasty good Colours white red green blue black orange pink yellow purple Shapes square round triangular straight circular rectangular flat oval

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Weathe r cloudy sunny hot warm snowy rainy stormy foggy cold Size tall wide short long tiny big large small narrow Texture hard soft smooth sharp even sticky wet dry rough Sound loud soft quiet faint silent noisy melodic hoarse mute

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Прилагательные How can we describe apples? round smooth juicy sweet sour red green yellow hard heavy light delicious shiny good yummy bruised

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Прилагательные в роли абстрактных существительных useful unexplainable unexpected beautiful wild fabulous good unreal great the best bad invisible present полезный необъяснимый неожиданный красивый дикий невероятный хороший нереальный великий самый лучший плохой невидимый настоящий the useful the unexplainable the unexpected the beautiful the wild the fabulous the good the unreal the great the best the bad the invisible the present польза необъяснимое неожиданное красота дикая природа невероятное хорошее нереальное великое лучшее плохое невидимое настоящее He tried to think one step ahead to foresee the unexpected. These animals belong to the wild. We were waiting for the good. You should always hope for the best. They want to live in the present. Абстрактные сущ-ные делятся на чувства и эмоции, постоянные признаки и состояния, отвлеченные понятия, идеи и явления.

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Составные прилагательные/причастия Особенности : good-looking - привлекательный well-dressed – хорошо одетый high-heeled – на высоком каблуке well-planned – хорошо спланированный badly-planned – плохо спланированный badly-behaved – плохо воспитанный well-known – очень знаменитый handmade – сделанный руками first-class – первый класс part-time – частично занятой full-time – полная занятость brand-new – совершенно новый duty-free – беспошлинный one-way – односторонний second-hand – подержанный more-qualified – высококвалифицированный ill-equipped – плохо оборудованный This is a well-dressed woman. This was an ill-equipped hospital. You have more-qualified personnel. It was a well-written report. They sell handmade presents. Everybody dreams of a well-paid job. He wants to be a well-educated person. Прилагательные могут быть простыми, производными и составными. Простые прил-ные состоят только из корня, производные имеют суффиксы/ префиксы, и составные образуются из двух слов.

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Составные прилагательные/причастия Личность: hard-working - трудолюбивый kind-hearted - добросердечный absent-minded - рассеянный two-faced - двуличный self-centered - эгоцентричный good-natured - простодушный quick-tempered - раздраженный short-tempered - несдержанный bad-tempered - злой broad-minded - широкого кругозора narrow-minded - узкого кругозора easy-going - веселый Внешность: fair-haired - русоволосый curly-haired - кучерявый green-eyed - зеленоглазый long-legged - длинноногий left-handed - левша right-handed - правша flatfooted – с плоскостопией short-sighted - близорукий cross-eyed - косоглазый dark-skinned - темнокожий narrow-waisted – с узкой талией freckle-faced - веснушчатый broad-shouldered - широкоплечий

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Префиксы прилагательных un- unhappy, unable, uncomfortable in- independent, indirect, invisible dis- disappointing, discouraging im- impossible, imperfect, immoral non- non-governmental, non-alcoholic ir- irregular, irresponsible, irrational post- post-operational, post-graduate inter- interdependent, international il- illegal, illiberal, illimitable, illogical pre- prehistoric, prepaid under- underused, underpaid, underestimated anti-antisocial, antiaircraft, anti-corruption hyper- hyperactive, hypersonic

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un- in- dis- im- non- unhappy unable uncomfortable unequal unusual unacceptable unattractive unbearable undaunted unwelcoming unnatural unprofessional unrecoverable unhelpful unknown unfinished unguarded untranslatable undrinkable unthinkable independent indirect invisible incomplete incorrect inadequate inaccurate inactive informal inarticulate inorganic inappropriate insane indefinite indecent incomplete disappointing discouraging dishonest disagreeable disapproved disorganized disrespectful disadvantageous disharmonious disheartened dispassionate impossible imperfect immoral impolite immemorial impersonal immobile immoral non-governmental non-alcoholic non-metallic non-professional non-recoverable non-descript non-renewable

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Префиксы прилагательных a- apolitical, amoral out- outstanding semi-semicircular, semipermanent over-overconfident pro- prospective retro-retrospective, retroflex extra- extracurricular, extraordinary, extracellular sub- subtropical, substandard infra-infrared, infrasonic, infraspecific trans-transnational, transatlantic super-supernatural hyper- hypo- hyperactive, hypersonic, hypoallergenic, hypodermic ultra-ultrasonic, ultramicroscopic, ultrafast

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Суффиксы прилагательных -ic/ical academic, politic, political, historic -ian Russian, Rumanian, Georgian -ate fortunate, moderate, adequate -ful useful, doubtful, skilful, beautiful -less helpless, useless, doubtless -ous famous, dangerous, mountainous -al normal, global, central, regional -able/ible eatable, accessible, reasonable -ant/ent distant, dependent, important -en golden, wooden, silken, woollen -like manlike, birdlike, ladylike, childlike -ly/y friendly, weekly, cloudy, healthy -ish English, Spanish, Finnish, childish

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-ate -ful -less fortunate moderate adequate deliberate appropriate corporate affectionate considerate literate passionate useful doubtful skilful beautiful helpful awful faithful thoughtful hopeful graceful successful peaceful careful wonderful colourful harmful bashful playful cheerful tactful thankful powerful stressful painful shameful dreadful boastful delightful forgetful joyful lawful meaningful plentiful respectful tasteful forceful grateful hateful pitiful deceitful sorrowful soundless helpless useless doubtless colourless hopeless aimless merciless helpless fearless homeless careless tactless powerless harmless lifeless sleeveless groundless restless breathless meaningless expressionless defenceless motionless effortless pointless tasteless faithless worthless lawless

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-ic/-ical -ous -en academic politic,-ical historic,-ical tactical idiotic athletic electric, -ical magnetic tragic typical optimistic pessimistic ecological economic,-ical, atomic energetic electronic scientific romantic heroic mythic fantastic exotic comic, -ical artistic terrific rhythmic dramatic nostalgic basic famous dangerous mountainous vigorous righteous malicious adventurous harmonious curious poisonous spacious nutritious glorious industrious serious humorous nervous delicious courageous continuous rebellious plenteous gorgeous courteous fabulous mysterious advantageous anonymous hilarious monotonous obvious desirous various jealous envious ambitious laborious victorious gracious golden wooden silken woollen leaden

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-al -able/-ible -ant/-ent normal global central regional musical additional theatrical canonical sentimental emotional natural seasonal initial critical fictional official international social cultural special traditional formal practical epochal mathematical functional influential chemical accidental normal fractional racial national fundamental industrial experimental formal eatable reasonable predictable comfortable readable detectable stable enjoyable observable fashionable knowledgeable valuable receivable reliable solvable responsible portable understandable capable admirable sociable changeable drinkable hospitable edible possible incredible accessible sensible comprehensible convertible visible responsible extensible flexible unforgettable adorable movable breakable fashionable seasonable avoidable recognizable interchangeable invariable adaptable desirable remarkable distant dependent important different evident observant defiant pleasant arrogant relevant ignorant significant existent persistent intelligent current fluent resistant obedient

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-like -ly -y -ing -ary/-ory manlike birdlike ladylike childlike lifelike starlike businesslike dreamlike godlike warlike friendly weekly early wizardly costly monthly daily hourly yearly manly motherly lovely elderly sickly beastly kingly homely cloudy healthy creamy tasty stinky dirty funny pretty sunny snowy rainy stormy foggy rocky wealthy lazy busy naughty noisy icy oily silky hearty airy boring loving outstanding dietary imaginary obligatory documentary elementary secondary advisory contradictory revolutionary

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-ive -ese -an/-ian -ish destructive active impressive depressive distinctive excessive creative talkative massive productive negative impulsive attractive sedative effective expensive innovative submissive intuitive inventive corrective informative suggestive Chinese Japanese Portuguese Vietnamese Sudanese Burmese Italian African Russian Rumanian Georgian Malaysian American Mexican Canadian German Ukrainian Brazilian reptilian English Spanish Finnish Danish Polish Scottish Swedish childish yellowish whitish greenish reddish foolish bookish darkish longish girlish narrowish cattish

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Национальности Korea – Korean Chile – Chilean Mexico – Mexican Venezuela – Venezuelan Germany - German Egypt – Egyptian Russia – Russian Norway – Norwegian Ukraine – Ukrainian Brazil – Brazilian Portugal – Portuguese China – Chinese Japan – Japanese Sudan – Sudanese Vietnam - Vietnamese Poland – Polish Britain – British Scotland – Scottish Wales – Welsh Turkey – Turkish Iraq – Iraqi Pakistan – Pakistani France – French Greece – Greek Switzerland – Swiss - an - ese - i - ian - ish искл. -an/ian: a Chilean – two Chileans – the Chileans a Russian – two Russians – the Russians a German – two Germans – the Germans -ese/ss: a Vietnamese – two Vietnamese – the Vietnamese a Swiss – two Swiss – the Swiss -sh/ch: an Englishman/woman – two Englishmen – the English

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Прилагательные с окончаниями ing/ed The book is very interesting. I am interested in landscape design. She finds her job exhausting. At the end of the day she is often exhausted. Roger looked amazing in the picture. Roger looked amazed in the picture. annoying amazing astonishing boring confusing disgusting exciting exhausting interesting surprising shocking horrifying worrying tiring annoyed amazed astonished bored confused disgusted excited exhausted interested surprised shocked horrified worried tired Окончание ing – описание качеств или характеристик предмета или человека, сообщают о к/л свойстве; Окончание ed – описание чувств, эмоций и состояния человека

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Качественные прил-ные обозначают качества предмета прямо, могут быть выражены в большей или меньшей степени и поэтому имеют степени сравнения. Относительные прил-ные описывают качества предмета через его отношение к материалу, месту, времени и связи. Они не имеют степеней сравнения и не употребляются с наречиями very, too, enough. Качественные прилагательные Относительные прилагательные warm long interestin g colourful dark cold creative wide wooden easterndaily heavenly leathern Swedishmonthly Motherly !

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Степени сравнения прилагательных • Сравнительная степень используется для сравнения 2-х предметов, людей и животных. • Превосходная степень указывает на то, что данный человек или предмет превосходит всех остальных по к/л признаку. Начальная форма Сравнительная степень Превосходная степень small clean early dark narrow famous boring colorful smaller cleaner earlier darker narrower more famous less boring more colorful the smallest the cleanest the earliest the darkest the narrowest the most famous the least boring the most colorful

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Изменения на письме • Если прилагательное оканчивается на немую е, то при доба влении суффиксов, е выпадает • Если прилагательное оканчивается на у перед которой стоит согласная, то при добавлении суффиксов, у меняяется на i • Если односложное прилагательное оканчивается на согласный с предыдущим кратким гласным, то конечный согласный уд ваивается nice wide nicer wider the nicest the widest early angry sunny earlier angrier sunnier the earliest the angriest the sunniest big fat sad bigger fatter sadder the biggest the fattest the saddest

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Двусложные и многосложные прилагательные terrible favourite famous difficult beautiful boring interesting important stupid active • Sunsets are more beautiful here. • This text is less difficult than that one. • It is the most interesting book I have ever read. • This article is the least important of all. •Сравнительная степень образуется с помощью слова more/ less (и предлога than) • Превосходная степень образуется с помощью артикля the и слова most/ least (и предлогов of/in)

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Исключения good better the best bad worse the worst old older the oldest old elder the eldest far farther the farthest far further the furthest little less the least • His elder brother lives in Sochi. • I live farther from school than Pete. •The black costume suits you better than the blue one. • This is the oldest cathedral in the country. • You can find further information on our web-site. old-older-the oldest (по возрасту) old-elder-the eldest (по старшенству в семье) far-farther-the farthest (по расстоянию) far-further-the furthest (по порядку) late-later-the latest (по времени) late-latter-the last (по порядку)

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Сравнительные обороты (идиомы) as wise as an owl as busy as a bee as hungry as a wolf as quiet as a mouse as stubborn as a mule as free as a bird as blind as a bat as slow as a snail as cold as ice мудрый как сова занятой как пчела голодный как волк тихий как мышь упрямый как осел свободный как птица слепой как летучая мышь медленный как улитка холодный как лед Идиома – устойчивое выражение, употребляемое в речи в переносном смысле

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Синонимы Синонимы – это слова, различные по написанию и звучанию, но имеющие одинаковое или близкое значение great nice big terrific amazing wonderful superb fabulous charming kind pleasant lovely sweet huge vast enormous massive colossal happy prettyfast cheerful blissful joyful delighted glad attractive beautiful fine handsome charming brisk quick rapid hurried swift

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! very tired very cold very hot very tasty very small very interesting very bad very good very dirty very surprised very angry very big very funny very clever very hungry exhausted freezing boiling delicious tiny fascinating horrible, awful wonderful, great filthy astonished furious huge, enormous hilarious brilliant starving Следует избегать использование наречия very с прилагательными и заменять их более «сильными» синонимами • Was the weather bad? – Yes, it was awful. • Why are they so angry? – They are always furious when they have to wait. • Are you hungry? – Yes, I am starving.

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Одна из трудностей при изучении английского языка – это правильное употребление предлогов. Необходимо запоминать какие предлоги употребляются с прилагательными Прилагательные с предлогом (of) proud of ashamed of aware of full of short of fond of capable of afraid of terrified of frightened of scared of careful of certain of conscious of tired of typical of She is afraid of speaking in public. We are all capable of speaking English. He is aware of the situation. The boy is very proud of his achievements. The children are fond of singing. The teacher is tired of so much paperwork.

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Прилагательные с предлогом (to) НО: generous/kind/ mean/clever/stupid of smb to do smth sensitive to allergic to accustomed to addicted to attentive to close to familiar to committed to dedicated to devoted to opposed to married to engaged to similar to kind to someone generous to sweet to polite to nice to friendly to mean to faithful to rude to cruel to horrible to nasty to Her skin is sensitive to the sun. I am addicted to learning languages. He is similar to his parents. My friend is allergic to gluten. I’ve been married to him for 10 years. She was kind to me. It was kind of her to buy me a present. It was nice of you to arrive and help me.

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Прилагательные с предлогом (for) be sorry for someone about something known for late for early for necessary for qualified for responsible for famous for ready for thankful for smth suitable for excellent for good for bad for London is famous for being multicultural. These shoes aren’t suitable for running. He is responsible for his own success. Playing memory games is very good for improving your brain functions. Smoking is bad for your health. We are sorry for you. We are sorry for saying those words in front of the children.

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Прилагательные с предлогами (in/on/at) skilled in interested in involved in disappointed in dressed in rich in keen on dependent on experienced in/at slow at fast at good at smth bad at terrible at awful at surprised at (by) amazed at (by) astonished at (by) shocked at (by) I am skilled in physics. We are keen on tennis. She is slow at running. We were shocked by his behaviour. He is very experienced in business. My sister is pretty good at sports. We were amazed at what we saw in this country. I am not fast at typing.

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Восклицательные предложения W h a t ! H o w ! What + прилагательное + существительное! How + прилагательное! What an interesting story! What an interesting story you’ve told! What a large room! What a large room he lives in! What interesting books you’ve brought! How interesting! How interesting it was to look at the rainbow! How nice of you! How nice of you it was to bring me some cake. How difficult!

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Когда существительное определено 2-мя и более прилагательными, те из них, которые более тесно связаны по смыслу с сущ-ным, ставятся ближе к нему Порядок прилагательных It was a cold autumn day. He is a clever young man. She put on a new black woollen dress. She is a nice old lady. We saw an interesting historical movie. Существует традиция, согласно которой определяется очередность прилагательных перед существительным. Более 3-х определений в речи используется крайне редко. мнение – размер – качество – возраст – форма – цвет – происхождение – материал - предназначение She had an adorable little brown Spaniel. We made a reasonably priced traditional Italian New Year meal. It was a beautiful round brown Italian dining table.

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Примеры прилагательных м н е н и е р а з м е р к а ч е с т в о в о з р а с т ф о р м а ц в е т п р о и с х о ж д е н и е м а т е р и а л п р е д н а з н а ч е н и е good bad terrible nice silly funny beautiful horrible difficult expensive gorgeous famous wonderful ugly trendy attractive interesting awful large little tiny huge small big enormous tall wide short long narrow traditional normal additional initial critical official hard new young old ancient antique youthful recent mature historical square round flat rectangular oval slim triangular straight circular zigzag spherical almond- shaped red yellow white green blue black orange pink purple ivory pale pink bright green black and white yellowish transparent olive-green indigo lunar eastern oceanic polar northern local equatorial global central regional Spanish English Russian European wooden metal cotton paper silver silk wool iron steel rubber woollen glass plastic canvas concrete ceramic fabric leather porcelain gold(en) dining swimming sleeping touring hunting washing cleaning magnifying working walking cooking racing New Year kitchen musical work

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Схема для легкого запоминания порядка прилагательных в английском предложении

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THANK YOU FOR YOUR WORK!

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