Ағылшын тілі грамматикасы

Қазақстан Республикасының Білім және ғылым министрлігі
М.Ӛтемісов атындағы Батыс Қазақстан мемлекеттік университеті

Тілдерді оқыту практикалық курсы кафедрасы

Г.А.Тӛрежанова

АҒЫЛШЫН ТІЛІ
ГРАММАТИКАСЫ
оқу-әдістемелік құрал

Орал, 2013
1

УДК: 811. 111‟36 (07)
ББК 81.2Ағл.я7
Пікір берушілер:

Хайыров А.Б. – ф.ғ.к., доцент
Ажгалиев М.А. – ф.ғ.к

Автор:

Тӛрежанова Г.А. – М. Ӛтемісов атындағы
Батыс Қазақстан мемлекеттік университетінің оқытушысы, шет тілі: екі шет тілі
магистрі

Тӛрежанова Г. А.
Ағылшын тілі грамматикасы: оқу-әдістемелік қҧрал. – Орал:
М.Ӛтемісов атындағы БҚМУ редакциялық баспа орталығы, 2013. –
254 б.

ISBN 978-601-266-136-1
«Ағылшын тілі грамматикасы» оқу-әдістемелік оқу қҧралында
ағылшын тілінің грамматикасы жан-жақты талданып, анықтамалар
берілген. Аталмыш оқу-қҧралда ағылшын тілінің грамматикасының кейбір
бӛлімдері кесте арқылы тҥсіндіріліп, мысалдардың қазақша аудармалары
кӛрсетілген, сонымен қатар бҧл оқу-әдістемелік қҧралда ағылшын тілінің
грамматикасы қазақ тілі грамматикасымен салыстырмалы тҥрде
оқытылады.
Бҧл әдістемелік қҧрал 19 бӛлімнен тҧрады: алдымен ағылшын тілінің
грамматикасы тҥсіндіріледі, кейін жаттығулар жиынтығы, соңында ӛткен
грамматикалық тақырыпты пысықтауға тест тапсырмалары берілген.
Бҧл оқу-әдістемелік қҧралы оқытушылар мен студенттерге, сонымен
қатар ағылшын тілін оқып-ҥйренушілерге, жалпы кӛпшілікке арналған.

УДК: 811. 111‟36 (07)
ББК 81.2Ағл.я7
ISBN 978-601-266-136-1

Тӛрежанова Г.А., 2013.
М.Ӛтемісов атындағы БҚМУ РБО, 2013.

2

UNIT I
THE NOUN – ЗАТ ЕСІМ
Зат есім түрлері
Зат есім – заттардың, нәрселердің атын, табиғаттағы және
қоғамдағы қҧбылыстарды, уақиғаларды, ҧғымдар мен тҥсініктерді білдіретін сӛз табы. Зат есімдер жалқы және жалпы болып
екіге бӛлінеді.
► Proper Nouns (Жалқы есімдер) белгілі бір затты, нәрсені
арнайы, даралай айтады.
Кісі аттары:
Aygerim, Amanat, Almas.
Географиялық атаулар: қала, ӛзен, кӛл, тау аттары
Алматы - Almaty
Астана - Astana
► Common Nouns (Жалпы есімдер) әр алуан деректі және
дерексіз заттар мен ҧғымдарды білдіретін зат есімдер.
Жалпы есімдер санауға санауға келетін (countable) және
санауға келмейтін (uncountable) болып екіге бӛлінеді.
Countable (cанауға келетін) яғни заттарды санауға болатын
зат есімдер:
I have bought a book. I have bought two books.
There are many libraries in Astana.
Uncountable (cанауға келмейтін) зат есімдер тобы:

Food: rice, sugar, fruit, milk, bread, butter, cheese
Fluids: blood, water, oil, coffee, tea, gasoline
Raw materials: wood, paper, glass, iron, silver, wool
Gases: oxygen, nitrogen, air, pollution, steam
General: furniture, mail, money, traffic, equipment
Groups: jewelry, machinery, luggage, clothing, cash
Languages: English, Chinese, Japanese, Spanish
Academic subjects: chemistry, mathematics, psychology
Abstract things: education, health, intelligence, beauty, knowledge,
sleep, hope, music, time

3

Зат есімнің классификациясы
Негізгі зат есім (Simple Nouns). Негізгі зат есімге ешқандай
жҧрнақ жалғанбайды.
Мысалы: a table, a room, a girl, a ship.
Туынды зат есім (Derivate Nouns)
Зат есімге жҧрнақ жалғану арқылы жасалған зат есім.
Туынды зат есім жасайтын жҧрнақтар:
- er: teacher, writer
- ment: development, government
- ness: sadness, kindness
- ion: restriction, connection
- dom: freedom, wisdom
- hood: childhood, neighbourhood
- ship: leadership, friendship
Кҥрделі зат есім (Compound nouns)
Екі немесе бірнеше зат есімнен қҧралған зат есім.
A class, a postman, an airport

Зат есімдердің кӛпше түрінің жасалуы
Ереже
Rules
Зат есімнің тҥрін
жасау ҥшін тҥбірге
-s жалғауы
жалғанады.
Зат есімдер –ch, -s,
-ss, sh, tch, -x
әріптеріне
аяқталса, - es
жалғауы
жалғанады.
Зат есім –у әрпіне
аяқталып, оның
алдында дауыссыз
тҧрса -es жалғауы
жалғанады да, -у
әрпі –i әрпіне
айналады.

Жекеше
түрі
Singular

Кӛпше түрі
Plural

a table
a dog
a cat

two tabls
two dogs
two cats

a dish
a match
a class
a box

two dishes
two matches
two classes
two boxes

a story
a city

two stories
two cities

4

Есте сақтаңыз
Remember

Егер зат есім
жекеше тҥрде –у
әрпіне аяқталып,
оның алдында
дауысты әріп
тҧрса, онда –у әрпі
ӛзгермейді, кӛпше
тҥрде тек –s
жалғауы
жалғанады.

Зат есім жекеше
тҥрде -f немесе -fe
әріптеріне
аяқталса әрпі v
әрпіне ӛзгереді де,
-es жалғауы
жалғанады.

a key
a day

two keys
two days

a knife
a shelf

two knives
two shelves

Жекеше тҥрде зат
есім –о әрпіне
аяқталса және –о
әрпінің алдында
дауыссыз әріп
тҧрса, онда зат
есімге
–es жалғауы
жалғанады.

a tomato
a hero
zero
volcano
tornado
mosquito

two tomatoes
two heroes
zeroes / zeros
volcanoes /
volcanos
tornadoes /
tornados
mosquitoes /
mosquitos

Кҥрделі зат
есімдерге кӛптік
жалғау басты
мағыналы сӛзге
жалғанады.

customhouse
hotel –
keeper
mother-inlaw manservant

custom-houses
hotel – keepers
mother-in-laws
man-servants

5

Ереже
бағынбайтын
кейбір зат
есімдер:
▪ a cuff-cuffs
▪ a handkerchiefhandkerchiefs
▪ a roof - roofs
▪ a safe- safes
▪ a belief –
beliefs
▪ a chief - chiefs
▪ a cliff – cliffs
▪ a kilo – kilos
▪ a photo photos
▪ a piano –
pianos
▪ radio - radios
▪ a video - videos
▪ a zoo - zoos
▪ a hippo hippos
▪ tattoo – tattoos
▪ a rhino – rhinos

Кейбір зат
есімдердің кӛпше
тҥрі ешқандай
ережеге бағынбай,
сӛздегі дауыстыны
ӛзгерту арқылы
жасалады.
Кейбір зат
есімдердің жекеше
тҥрі мен кӛпше
тҥрі бірдей.
Латын, грек және
француз тілінен
енген зат есімдер
сол тілдердегі
кӛпше тҥрінің
формасын
сақтайды.

a man
a woman
a foot
a mouse
a tooth
a goose

men
women
feet
mice
teeth
geese

a deer
a species
a sheep
a fish
a formula
a datum
a bureau
an index
hypothesis
thesis
bacterium
cactus

deer
species
sheep
fish
formulae
data
bureaux
indices
hypotheses
theses
bacteria
cacti

6

THE CASE
Зат есімнің тәуелдік жалғаулары
Ағылшын тілінде екі септеу бар: жалпы септеу (The Common
Case) және тәуелдік септеу (The Possessive Case)
The Common Case (Жалпы септеу)
Жалпы септеудегі зат есімдер орнына қарай әртҥрлі функцияны атқарады. Егер зат есімдер, сӛйлемде баяндауыштың
алдында тҧрса, ол бастауыш болады. Егер зат есімдер сӛйлемде
баяндауыштан кейін тҧрса, ол тура толықтауыш болады.
Мысалы: The student recognized the teacher. Студент оқытушыны таныды.
The teacher recognized the student. Оқытушы студентті таныды.
Баяндауыш пен тура толықтауышты білдіретін зат есімдер
арасында жалпы септеудегі басқа адамды білдіретін зат есім
тҧруы мҥмкін. Ондай зат есім жанама толықтауыш болады.
Мысалы: The teacher showed the students a diagram. Оқытушы
диаграмманы студенттерге кӛрсетті.
Зат есімдер жалпы септеуде әртҥрлі демеуліктермен қолданылады.
Мысалы: I have received a letter from my sister. Мен апамнан
хат алдым.
He bought a toy for his son. Ол баласына ойыншық сатып алды.
► Тәуелдік септіктегі зат есімдер жекеше тҥрде -„s жалғауы
арқылы жасалады.
▪ My friend‟s house - Менің досымның үйі
▪ Nurgul‟s brother - Нұргүлдің ағасы
► Зат есім кӛпше тҥрде болса, онда s жалғауы және апостраф
қойылады.
▪ My friend‟s letters - Менің достарымның хаттары
▪ The women‟s dresses - әйелдердің кӛйлегі
►Кҥрделі зат есімдерге s жалғауы соңғы сӛзге жалғанады.
▪ The commander-in-chief‟s order.
▪ My brother-in-law‟s library
►Заттарға „of‟демеулігі қолданылады
▪ The door of the garage (not the garage‟s door) - гараждың есегі
▪ The name of the book - кітаптың аты
▪ The owner of the restaurant - мейрамхананың иесі
7

► Мезгіл ҥстеулерінің (today‟s, tomorrow‟s, this evening‟s,
Monday‟s) тәуелденуі жалғауы жалғану арқылы жасалады.
▪ Next week‟s exam has been cancelled.
▪ Have you got yesterday‟s newspapers?
▪ Alihan has got two weeks holiday.
▼Есте сақтаңыз
It was a three-hour journey.
▪ a three hour-journey (not a three-hours journey)
▪ a six-week French course (not weeks)
▪ two 14-year-old boys (not years)
▪ a three-page letter (pages)

8

EXERCISES
 1. Write the plural of the following nouns:
Piano, shelf, army, potato, safe, wolf, cliff, wife, schoolboy,
schoolchild, leaf, life, factory, knife, man, roof, photo, toy, tomato,
class, room, copy, book, note, house, wife, news, paper, home, land,
mother, country, student, typist, writer, pilot, doctor, officer, architect,
actor, actress, painter, sailor, dentist, teacher, mechanic, locksmith,
driver, composer, shop-assistant.
 2. Rewrite in the plural:
1. This is a desk. 2. That‟s a clock. 3. This is a lamp. 4. Where is
the picture? 5. The picture is in the book. 6. The chair is in the room.
7. The map is on the table. 8. This is a pen. 9. That is a window.
10. The book is on the table. 11. The map is on the wall. 12. The
blackboard is on the floor. 13. I have a picture on the wall. 14. My
picture is not in the bag. 15. She has a pen and a pencil in the bag.
 3. Put the following nouns in the plural form:
1. What is that child‟s name? 2. The cat has caught a mouse.
3. There was a lady, a gentleman, a boy and a girl in the room. 4. In
the farm-yard we could see an ox, a sheep, a cow and a goose. 5. Is
this worker an Englishman or a German? – He is a Frenchman.
6. Why don‟t you eat this potato? 7. This strawberry is still green.
8. The withered leaf has fallen to the ground. 9. Can you see a bird in
that tree? 10. Does your tooth still ache? 11. I held up my foot to the
fire to warm it. 12. His child studies very well. 13. This man works at
our office. 14. There is a new house in our street. 15. This story is
very interesting. 16. I have hurt my foot. 17. The wolf has been shot.
18. He keeps his toy in a box. 19. Put this knife on that table.
 5. Put the following nouns in the plural form:
1. This is a bird. 2. Is that also a bird? – No, it isn‟t. That is a cat.
3. Is that a good horse? – Yes, it is. 4. Is that a cow big or small? – It
is big. 5. This is an apple and that is a flower. 6. Where is the coin? –
It is in the box. 7. What colour is the box? – It is green. . 8. What is it
made of? – It is made of wood. 9.What is that man? –He is a clerk.
10. Is he in the office? – Yes, he is. 11. Is that woman a typist? –No,
she isn‟t.- What is she?- She is a doctor.12.Is his brother at home?9

Yes. he is. 13.This house has a balcony looking out on the street.
14. The architecture of this building is quite modern. 15. This is a new
district of St. Petersburg. 16. There is a shop. A cinema and a theatre
in the new district. 17. He is a retired worker. 18. I am a doctor.
19. We hear the sounds of a child‟s voice. 20. She is a nice girl.
 6. Open the brackets put the nouns in the plural or in the
singular forms:
1. I met some interesting _________ at the meeting. (man)
2. I need some ________ the light the fire. (match)
3. The baby got two new _______ . (tooth)
4. The farmer loaded his cart with _______ (box) of fresh
vegetables to take to market. His cart was pulled by two _______ (ox)
5. Alex saw some _______ running across the floor. (mouse)
6. The north side of the island has no ____. There are only
________ steep. No one can climb these steep walls of rock. (beach,
cliff).
7. If a houseplant is given too much water, its lower ________
turn yellow. (leaf)
8. Before Marie signed the contract, she talked to two ______
(attorney)
9. New scientific _ are made every day in __ throughout the
world, (discovery, laboratory)
10. I caught several ________ in the lake (fish)
11. On our trip in the mountainous countryside, we saw some
________ , _________ , and wild _______ (wolf, fox, deer, sheep)
12. When we spoke in the cave, we could hear _________ of our
voices. (echo)
13. The music building at the university has 27 __________ .
Students need to sign up for practice times. (piano)
14. Thunder and lightning are ________ of nature. (phenomenon)
15. People get most of their news about the word through the
mass _________ , that is, through radio, television, the Internet,
newspapers, and magazines. (medium)

10

THE АRTICLE – АРТИКЛЬ
Ағылшын тілінде артикльдердің екі тҥрі бар: белгісіздік
“a/an” (Indefinite Article), және белгілілік “the” (Definite Article)
► Белгісіздік артиклі: A/AN:
А + дауыссыз дыбыс (consonant)
► Егер сӛз дауыссыз дыбыстан басталса, зат есімнің алдына
„a‟ белгісіздік артиклі қолданылады.
▪ A child, a doctor, etc.
► AN + дауысты дыбыс (vowel)
▪ An apple, an umbrella, an hour
“A(AN)” белгісіздік
артиклінің қолданылуы
Санауға келетін зат есімдердің
тек жекеше тҥрінде
a) Do you need an umbrella?
b) I never wear a hat.
Сӛйлеуші заттар мен нәрселер
туралы алғаш рет сӛз қозғап
тҧрса
a) I had a sandwich and an
apple for lunch.
b) A man and a woman are
sitting opposite me.
Заттың кім, не екендігі жайлы
анықтама бергенде
a) Omar‟s father is a lawyer.
b) Would you like to be an
English teacher?
Санауға келетін зат есімдердің
жекеше тҥрінің алдында сын
есім келсе
a) My brother is a good driver.
b) Dastan has bought an
expensive car.

Белгілілік “THE” артиклінің
қолданылуы
Контексте немесе бір
ситуацияда не туралы айтып
жатқандығы нақты белгілі болса
a) Can you turn off the light?
b) I‟d like to speak to the
manager, please.
Егерде зат есім екінші сӛйлемде
қайталанса
a) Last year I bought a car. The
car was vey expensive.
b) When I entered the room, I saw
a man. The man was very old.
Дҥниеде бір-ақ тҥрі кездесетін
ғаламшар атаулары
a) The earth is millions of
kilometers from the sun.
b) The sun was going down.
Мұхит: the Atlantic Ocean, the
Indian Ocean, the Pacific Ocean.
Теңіз: the Mediterranean Sea
Ӛзен: the Thames, the Amazon,
the Nile
Канал: the Suez Canal, the
Panama Canal
Тау тізбектері: the Alps, the
11

Rockies
Шӛл далалар: the Gobi, the
Sahara Desert
Лепті сӛйлемде санауға
Мұражайлар: the British
келетін зат есімдердің жекеше Museum, the Tate Gallery, the
тҥрі болса
Louvre
a) What a beautiful garden!
Қонақ үйлер: the Station Hotel,
b) What a lovely dress!
the Hilton Hotel
Санауға келетін зат есімдердің Театрлар/кинотеатрлар/клубт
кӛпше тҥрі және санауға
ар: the palace Theatre, the Odeon
келмейтін зат есімнің алдында Cinema
артикль қойылмайды.
Газеттер мен кейбір журнал
аттары: Washington Post, the
Financial Times, the Times
Тҧрақты тіркестерде
Ҧлт атауларының алдында
A lot of, a great deal of, a few, a a) The Japanese are very
little, for a short (long) time, in a industrial people.
loud voice, to be in a hurry, to
b) The French are considered to
be in a position to be at a loss,
be conservative people.
It is a pity; as a result of; as a
matter of fact
To have a good time
To have a look
To have a seat
To go for a walk
Such, quite, rather сӛздерінен Сын есімнің кҥшейтпелі
кейін жекеше тҥрдегі
шырайының алдында
саналатын зат есім келсе
a) He is the tallest boy in our
a) It was such an easy test.
class.
b) It is rather an old house.
b) She is the most intelligent
c) He is quite an old man.
woman I‟ve ever met.
Зат есімдердің алдында реттік
Hundred, thousand, million,
dozen сан есімдерінің алдында сан есім келсе
«one» сан есімі келетін болса
a) Your second composition is
a) His case weights a (one)
better than the first.
hundred pounds
b) February is the second month
b) Azat has won a (one)
of the year.
thousand dollars.
Отбасын тҥгелдей әңгімелейтін
болсақ
a) The Zhandosovs arrived from
Astana
12

Кейбір мемлекеттер мен штаттардың аттарының алдында,
егер олар republic, union, state
сӛздерімен тіркесіп келсе
The United Kingdom, the United
States
the Netherlands
Музыкалық аспаптардың
атауларының алдында
the piano, the saxophone
Тҧрақты тіркестерде
in the morning, in the evening, in
the afternoon, the day after
tomorrow, on the right (left), on
the whole

13

THE ZERO АRTICLE
Артикльдердің қолданылмайтын кездері
► Жалқы есімдердің алдында: кісі аттары: Mansur, Sholpan,
Aizhan, Talgat.
►Қҧрлықтар мен кейбір елдердің аттарының алдында
Europe, Spain, Asia, Japan.
► Қала аттары: Almaty, Astana, New-York
► Дәреже, лауазым, атақты білдіретін зат есімдерінің
алдында
Doctor Watson, Lord Byron, Admiral Nelson, Professor Azimov,
Mr.White, Comrade Ivanov
► Ғылым салаларының аттарында I like mathematics and
chemistry
►Тҧрақты тіркестерде
at night, at home, at work, at first sight, at sunset, by train (bus,
boat, tram), in conclusion, by air (water, sea, land), by heart day and
night, by chance from morning to (till) night, by mistake
►Breakfast, lunch, dinner сӛздерінің алдында
What time is dinner? We had lunch in a very nice restaurant.
►Егер зат есім сан есіммен тіркесіп келсе (Noun + number)
Have you got these shoes in size 38?
I couldn‟t answer question 8.
Page 17, Room 127 etc.
► Мейрам, фестиваль, апта, ай аттарының алдында
Nauryz, Easter, Christmas, Wednesday
►Егер зат есімдер жалпы (жинақтау) мағынасында келсе:
Dogs are domestic animals.
►Кӛше аттары, саябақ және алаң аттарының алдында
Fifth Avenue, Hyde Park, Times Square, Broadway
►Танымал жер аттары
Егер бҧл зат есімнің бірінші сӛзі кісі аты болса, артикльсіз
қолданылады:
Victoria Station, Westminster Abbey, Edinburgh Castle,
Buckingham Palace, Cambridge University, Kennedy Airport

14

School, college, university, work, bed, town, hospital,
prison, jail
зат есімдерімен артикльдің қолданылуы
Артикль қолданылмайтын
жағдайлар

A / the aртикльмен
қолданысы

Егер бҧл сӛздер жалпы
мағынада қолданылса
▪ Her brother is in prison
for robbery.
▪ Omar had an accident
last week. He was taken to
hospital. He is still in hospital
now.

Егер белгілі бір
мақсатпен барылатын болса
▪ She went to the prison to
visit his brother
▪ Azat has gone to the
hospital to visit Omar. He is at
the hospital now.

15

EXERCISES
 1. Fill in the definite or indefinite article if necessary:
1. a. This house is very nice. Has it got _______ garden?
b. It‟s a beautiful day. Let‟s sit in ________ garden.
c. I like living in this house but it‟s a pity that ______ garden is so
small.
2. a. Can you recommend _______ good restaurant?
b. We had dinner in_______ very nice restaurant.
c. We had dinner in ______ most expensive restaurant in town.
3. a. She has ______ French name but in fact she‟s English, not
French.
b. What‟s _______ name of that man we met yesterday?
c. We stayed at a very nice hotel – I can‟t remember ___ name
now.
4. a. There isn‟t _______ airport near where I live _______
nearest airport is 70 miles away.
b. Our plane was delayed. We had to wait ________ airport for
three hours.
c. Excuse me, please. Can you tell me how to get to _____
airport?
5. a „Are you going away next week?‟
„No, _______ week after next.‟
b. I‟m going away for ________ week in September.
c. George has a part-time job. He works three mornings ________
week.
 2. Use the proper article:
1.Come to … blackboard and write … Exercise 12.
2.You have … spelling mistake in … word “nursery”.
3.He is … old friend of mine.
4.There came … tap at … door and in another moment we saw …
small girl enter … room.
5.He is young artist and, I should say, rather talented.
6.He gave her … cigarette and lighted it.
7.I don‟t feel … sympathy towards this man.
8. They are going to build … new house.
9.Are … rooms in your flat large or small?
16

10. … hour is a long time. In … hour you can read … newspaper,
or write … letter.
11.What … beautiful music he is playing!
12.In every remark he found … meaning but not always the true
meaning.
13.There is … curiosity in her look.
14. … Sand fords have … nice house … house isn‟t large but
comfortable.
 3. Find the right answer.
For example: Sue was very helpful. She gave me some good
advice / advices („advice‟ is right)
1. Margaret has very long black hair/hairs.
2. We had a very good weather / very good weather when we
were on vacation.
3. Can I help you with your luggage / luggages?
4. I want to write some letters. I need a / some newspaper.
5. I want to write some letters. I need a / some writing paper.
6. It‟s very difficult to find a work / job at the moment.
7. Bad news don‟t / doesn‟t make people happy.
8. Our travel / trip from Paris to Frankfurt by train was very
interesting.
9. The apartment is empty. We don‟t have any furnitures /
furniture yet.
10. When the fire alarm rang, there was a complete chaos /
complete chaos.
11. Can I talk to you? I need an / some advice.
12. Do you have any experience / experiences?
 4. Fill in the definite or indefinite article if necessary:
1. There are three rooms and … kitchen in her new flat.
2. My new dress is made of … silk.
3. If you want to write something on … blackboard, you must
have … piece of … chalk.
4. Are there any students in … Room No. 12?
5.I have … new English book … book is very interesting.
6.There is … garden and … lawn in front of her Institute. …
garden is not large, but it is very beautiful.

17

7.The students of your group must be in … Room №30.
8. Open … book at page 29 and start reading.
9. May is … fifth month of the year.
10. Saturday is … day off.
 5. Fill the sentences with under words. Put the article „the‟
is necessary.
(school, university, hospital)
1. Why aren‟t your children at school today? Are they ill?
2. When he was younger, Ted hated … .
3. What time does … start in the mornings in your country?
4. A: How do your children get home from …? By bus?
B: No, they walk … isn‟t very far.
5. What sort of job does Jenny want to do when she leaves … ?
6. There were some people waiting outside … to meet their
children.
7. In your country, do many people go to …?
8. If you want to get a degree, you normally have to study at … .
9. This is only a small town but … is the biggest in the country.
10. Nora works as a cleaner at … .
11. When Ann was ill, we all went to … to visit her.
12. My brother has always been very healthy. He‟s never been in
….
13. Peter was injured in an accident and was kept in … for a few
days.
 6. Circle a or an in the following sentences. Write “C” on
the left if the sentences is correct. Write “NC” if the sentences is
not correct. Correct the error.
_____ 1. Indonesia is a country made up of thousand of islands.
______2. Greenland is an big island with a permanent ice cap
covering it.
______3. The Bahamas, which consist of 700 islands, have a
superb climate.
______4. Robinson Crusoe is a character in a book by Daniel
Defoe.
______5. Robinson Crusoe spent twenty years with his friend
Man Friday on a uninhabited island.

18

______6. New Guinea is a country where there are a 700
languages.
______7. Etna is an active volcano on the island of Sicily.
______8. On the island of Borneo, there is a snake that can fly or
leap up to 20 meters.
______9. The plants and an animals that live on an island may
develop to be quite different.
 7. Fill in the blanks with the correct article a, an, the or Ǿ
and translate them.
1. Island make up ___ entire land area of some countries,
including ___ Japan and ___ Philippines.
2. ___ Florida Keys are coastal islands built on coral reefs.
3. ___ Mackinac Island in ___ Lake Michigan is ___ lake island.
4. ___ city of Montreal, in ___ Canada, is built on ___ large river
island.
5. ___ Aleutain Islands, part of ___ Alaska, are ___ string of
coastal islands that were built by ___ volcanoes.
6. On ___ big island of Hawaii is one of ___ world‟s greatest
volcanoes, ___ Mauna Loa.
7. Kilauea is ___ most active volcano in ___ state of ___ Hawaii.
8. The early settlers of ____ Pacific Islands, ____ Polynesians,
always carried ____ coconuts with them in their canoes.
9. In ___ Indonesia is ___ huge lizard, _____ Komodo Dragon,
that eats deer and attacks people.
10. ___ dodo, a giant bird now extinct, lived on ___ island of
Mauritius, in ___ Indian Ocean.

19

TESTYOURSELF
1. Choose the right answer.
To climb ___ tree is not to climb ____ mountain.
a) a/a
d) - / b) a/the
e) the / - .
c) the/the
2. Choose the right answer.
_____ weather was rainy and we made ___ bet whether you
would come.
a) the /a.
c) a / a
b) - / the
d) - / a
e) an / a
3. Choose the right answer.
___ man always went to ___ same bar at ___ same time every day
and asked for two glasses of ___ soda.
a) a / the / the / d) - / the / the / b) a / the / the / a
e) a / - / the / a
c) a /the / - / 4. Choose the right answer.
Where there‟s ____ will, there‟s ___ way.
a) a /a
d) a / the
b) - / e) the / a
c) the / the
5. Choose the right answer.
If ___ guest has to leave ___ table during ___ meal he always
asks his hostess, “Will you please excuse me for ___ minute”.
a) a / the / a / a
d) an / the / a / a
b) - / the / a / e) - / - / - / a
c) the / the / - / the
6. Choose the right answer.
___ most favorite game is cricket, which is called by ___ English
“___greatest game in ___ world”.
a) the / the / the / the
d) a / the / - the
b) the / a / the / the
e) the / an / - / the
c) - / the / - / the

20

7. Choose the right answer.
In his childhood he lived with ___ grandfather, ___ poor tailor.
a) a / the
d) a /a
b) - / the
e) the / the
c) the / a
8. Choose the right variant:
Rita plays _____ violin and her sister plays ______ guitar.
a) a / the
d) - / b) the / an
e) a / a
c) the / the
9. Choose the right variant:
___ night being sharp and frosty, we trembled from ___ foot to
___ head.
a) the / the / the
d) - / a / a
b) the / - / e) - / - / c) a / - / 10. Choose the right answer.
___ idea of helping ___ man was unpleasant in itself.
a) - / the
d) - / b) the / the
e) a / a
c) the / a
11. Choose the right answer.
What are … colours of … British national flag and what …
flavour is its emblem?
a) a / the / the
d) - / a / a
b) the / a/ a
e) the / the / c) - / the / the
12. Choose the right answer.
… coldest weather in this part of … country is in February.
a) a /
d) the / a
b) a / the
e) the / the
c) the / 13. Choose the right answer.
Bring … salt from … kitchen.
a) a / the
d) the / the
b) a / a
e) the / a
c) - / -

21

14. Choose the right answer.
… Great Patriotic war ended in … 1945.
a) the / the
d) a / the
b) the / e) - / c) - / the
15. … ball, … sugar …, basket…, lemon.
a) an a, - the.
d) an, - , a, the.
b) the, a, an, - .
e) - , the, a, an.
c) a, - , a, a.
16. Choose the right answer.
His _____ was the smallest among the _______
a) mice, mice
d) mouses, mouses
b) mouse, mousse
e) mice, mouse
c) mouse, mice
17. Find the plural form of “Fish”
a) Fish
d) Fishes
b) Fishs
e) Fishies
c) Fishis
18. Find the plural form of
c) mice
“Mouse”
d) mise
a) mousies
e) mousse
b) mousis
19. Find the correct plural
form.
c) child
My friend has three_____
d) a child
a) childs
e) a children
b) children
20. Choose the right variant.
My parents‟ parents are my _____
a) grandmothers
d) grandchildren
b) grandfathers
e) great-grandparents
c) grandparents
21. Choose the right variant:
“ A woman”
a) woman
d) womanes
b) womens
e) womans
c) women

22

22. Choose the right variant.
Nick wants the money. Please give_____ to him.
a) them
d) these
b) those
e) it
c) they
23. Find the uncountable noun:
a) Meat.
d) Address.
b) Goose.
e) Cap.
c) Table.
24. Find the uncountable noun:
a) apple
d) dollar
b) glass
e) toy
c) air
25. Find the noun using only in single form:
a) knowledge.
d) cat.
b) photo.
e) pencil.
c) picture.

23

UNIT ІI
THE PRONOUN – ЕСІМДІК
Есімдіктер есім сӛздердің атын да, белгісін де, санын да
атамай тек нҧсқап меңзеп кӛрсетеді де, солардың орнына
қолданылады. Олар мағынасына және атқаратын қызметіне қарай
бірнеше топқа бӛлінеді.

Есімдік түрлері
I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they

Personal pronouns
Жіктеу есімдіктері
Possessive pronouns
Тәуелдік есімдіктері

my, your, his, her, its, our, your,
their, mine, yours, his, hers, its,
ours, yours, theirs
it, this/these, that/those, same,
such
who (whom), whose, which,
what (сҧраулы сӛйлемдерде)
myself, yourself, himself,
herself, itself, ourselves,
yourselves, themselves
each, other, one another

Demonstrative pronouns
Сілтеу есімдіктері
Interrogative pronouns
Сҧрау есімдіктері
Self-pronouns
(Reflexive pronouns)
Ӛздік есімдіктері
Reciprocal pronouns
Ортақ есімдіктер
Negative pronouns
Болымсыз есімдіктері

no, nobody, (no one), none,
nothing (болымсыз
сӛйлемдерде)
some, any, no, all, both, each,
every, other, another, one,
much, many, (a) little, (a) few,
either, neither

Indefinite pronouns
Белгісіздік есімдіктері

Personal pronouns
Number

Person

Single

I
II
III

The Nominative The objective
case
case
I
Me
You
You
He
Him
She
Her
It
It
24

Plural

I
II
III

We
You
They

Us
You
Them

Possessive pronouns
Тәуелдік есімдіктері кімнің? ненің? деген сҧрақтарға жауап
береді.
Possessive Adjectives
My
our
Your
your
His
their
Her
Its

Possessive Pronouns
Mine
ours
Your
yours
His
theirs
Hers

For example:
- Whose bag is this? (Бұл кімнің сӛмкесі)?
- It‟s my bag (Бұл – менің сӛмкем) / It‟s mine (Бұл менікі)
- This is not my pencil, mine is blue – Бұл менің қарындашым
емес, менікі – кӛк.

Demonstrative pronouns
Сілтеу есімдіктері нҧсқау және кӛрсету мағыналарын білдіретін есімдіктің тҥрі.
Single form
This (мынау, бҧл, осы) this week,
this year

Plural form
That (анау, сонау, сол) that week,
that year

My brother will go to Turkey this
summer.
I am busy at this moment.

Asel lives in that house.
At that moment the door opened
and a man entered the room.

These (мыналар, осылар) these
weeks, these years
These are my books.
Егер заттар сӛйлеушіге жақын
орналасқан болса, онда this,

Those (аналар) those weeks, those
years
I like those dresses.
Егер заттар сӛйлеушіден
біршама қашықтықта орналасқан
25

these сілтеу есімдіктері
қолданылады.

болса, онда that, those сілтеу
есімдіктері қолданылады.

Interrogative pronouns
Сұрау есімдіктері жауап алу мақсаты мен сҧрау мағынасында қойылатын сҧрақтар, сӛйлемдерде олар заттың саны,
белгілері, сапасы орналасқан орны туралы сҧрайды.
Who? (кім?), what? (не? қандай?), which? (қайсысы?
қай?), whose? (кімдікі?), whom? (кімге?)
a) Who is that man?
b) Who (whom) did you meet there?
c) Whose book is that?
d) What has happened?
e) Which chapter did you like best?

Self-pronouns (Reflexive pronouns)
Ӛздік есімдіктері ағылшын тілінде атау септігінде жіктеу
есімдіктерімен қабаттасып қолданылады. Жекеше тҥрдегі есімдікке - self ал кӛпше тҥрдегі есімдіктерге –selves жалғауы
жалғанады.
Single form
Plural form
I myself
I can do it myself We ourselves We can do it
(ӛзім)
(ӛзіміз)
ourselves
You
You can do it
You
You can do it
yourself
yourself
yourselves
yourself.
(ӛзіңіз)
(ӛздеріңіз)
He himself He can do it
They
They can do it
(ӛзі)
himself
themselves
themselves
She herself She can do it
(ӛздері)
(ӛзі)
herself
It itself (ӛзі)

Ӛздік есімдіктер сӛйлемде есімдіктен кейін немесе сӛйлемнің
аяғында келеді. Егер сӛйлемде іс-әрекетті жасаушы ӛзі екендігі
анық айқындалып тҧрса, зат есімнен кейін ӛздік есімдік қолданылады.
26

Мысалы:
He himself solved the problem.
I myself will present the prizes.
Negative pronouns
No және noun болымсыздық есімдіктері
No – сӛйлемдерде «ешнәрсе, жоқ» мағынасында болымсыз
мағына береді.
► No + noun
a) I have no ticket. = I haven’t a ticket.
b) I have no time to help you today = I have any time to help you
today
None есімдігі зат есімсіз қолданылады.
a) How much money have you got? „None.‟
b) Is there telephone in the room? No, there is none
► None + plural word (зат есімнің кӛпше тҥрі)
a) None of the libraries were (was) open
b) None of my friends will be at the party
Indefinite pronouns
some (something, somebody, someone)
any (anything, anybody, anyone)
no (nothing, nobody, no one)

Countable /
uncountable
People

Things

Places

Affirmative

Interrogative

Negative

Some

Any

Not any / no

Anyone /
anybody

No one / nobody
ешкім

Anything

Nothing
Ештеңе, ешнәрсе

Anywhere

Nowhere
Ешжерде,
ешқайда

Someone /
somebody
Біреу, әлдекім
Something
Бір нәрсе,
бірдеңе
Somewhere
Бір жерге, бір
жерде

27

► Some – белгісіздік есімдігі болымды сӛйлемдерде зат
есімнің жекеше және кӛпше тҥрлерінің алдында келеді.
Зат есімнің кӛпше тҥрінің алдында «бірнеше» деп аударылады.
a) Aisha bought some books to read.
b) Nurdaulet asked me some questions.
► Саналмайтын за есімдердің алдында қолданылады.
a) There is some milk in the fridge.
b) I want to buy some cheese.
► Біреуге ҧсыныс жасағанда, әлде қандай да бір сҧрақ
қойғанда, some есімдігі қолданылады.
a) Would you like some coffee?
b) Can I have some cold water?
► Any есімдігі әдетте болымсыз және сҧраулы сӛйлемдерде
қолданылады.
a) We didn‟t buy any flowers.
b) There isn‟t anybody at the door.
► Болымды сӛйлемдерде «кез келген» деген мағынаны
береді.
a) Anybody can do it.
b) May I play anything I like?

Many және Much есімдіктері
► Many және much есімдіктері «кӛп» деген мағынаны
білдіреді. Many саналатын, much саналмайтын зат есімдердің
алдында қойылады. Олар әдетте сҧраулы және болымсыз сӛйлемдерде қолданылады.
a) Many people attended the meeting.
b) Do you spend much time on your homework?
c) There isn‟t much tea left.
► Many және much есімдіктері very, rather, too, so және as,
how сӛздерімен де қолданылады.
There are very many illustrations in the magazine.
Arman has so many friends in Astana.
28

I have spent too much time on this translation.
Кейбір болымды сӛйлемдерде „much‟ a lot (of), lots (of),
plenty (of), a good deal (of), a great deal (of) қолданылады.
► Many есімдігінің орнына a lot (of), lots (of), plenty (of)
қолдануға болады.
We have plenty of time.
There are plenty of English books on the library.

A few

A little

Little

(A) little және (A) few есімдіктері
a) Asem has been here only two Few және a few
weeks, but she has already
есімдіктері саналатын
made a few friends.
есімдермен
(Асемнің бұл жерге келгеніне қолданылады.
екі апта болса да оның
бірнеше досы бар)
Few – „аз‟
a) I feel sorry for her. She has
A few – «бірнеше» деген
мағынаны білдіреді
few friends.
(Оның аз досы бар).
I‟m very pleased. I have a little Little, a little
money (Мен ӛте
саналмайтын зат
қуаныштымын. Менің біраз
есімдермен
ақшам бар).
қолдыналды.
I have little money. I don‟t even
have enough money to buy some Little – „азғана,
food.
жеткіліксіз‟ a little –
«біраз» деген мағынаны
білдіреді.

All және Both есімдіктері
All есімдігі
Both есімдігі
All есімдігі «барлығы» деген
Both есімдігі тек екі адамға, екі
мағынада қолданылып,
затқа қатысты қолданылады.
саналатын және саналмайтын
«екеуі де» деп аударылады.
зат есімдермен қолданылады.
a) Both cats and dogs are
a) All cars have wheels.
affectionate pets.
b) All plants need water.
b) Both my brothers live in
All есімдігі we, you, they
Astana.
жіктеу есімдіктерімен
c) He gave me two books
қолданылады.
yesterday. I have read both.
a) They all wore shorts. (=All of d) Both of these books belong to
them wore shorts.)
my mother.
29

b) We all want to go to the match.
(=All of us want to go to the
match.)
Есімдіктен кейін кӛмекші
етістік немесе модальді
етістіктің алдында
қолданылады.
a) We have all read this article.
b) You must all go there.
All everybody, everything
есімдіктерінің орнына
қолданыла береді.
a) All were of the
Бұл
same opinion
сұраққа
on this question.
барлығы
b) Everybody was
бір
of the same opinion on
ойды
this question
білдірді.

e) They both graduated from the
University last year. = Both of
them graduated from the
University last year.
Both “to be” етістігінен кейін
қолданылады.
a) You are both tight.
b) They were both here.
Есімдіктен кейін кӛмекші етістік
немесе модальді етістіктің
алдында қолданылады.
a) We must both go there.
b) We have both been informed
about it.

Either және Neither есімдіктері
Either «екеуінің біреуі» деп Neither
есімдігі
сӛйлемде
аударылады.
болымсыздық мағына береді.
a) You may go by either road.
a) Neither of the flowers is good.
b) Either of the examples is b) We accepted neither offer.
correct.
Neither … nor болымсыз
Either … or «немесе» деген мағына береді.
мағынаға сай келеді.
a) Neither Erlan nor Rashid came
a) He is either in university or in to the meeting.
college
b) Neither my husband nor I liked
b) I‟m not sure where he is from. this film.
He is either Spanish or Italian.
Есте сақтаңыз!
- She hasn‟t seen this film yet. – Ол
Есте сақтаңыз!
Either болымсыз сӛйлемдерде мына фильмді әлі кӛрген жоқ.
де қолданылады.
- Neither have I – Мен де.
I haven‟t seen him either. – Мен
де оны кӛрген емеспін.
30

Each (әрқайсысы) және Every (әрбір) есімдіктері
►Each есімдігі топтың әрбір мҥшесіне қатысты қолданылады:
a) Each student in our group has a Kazakh –English dictionary.
b) Each of us received a ticket to the concert.
►Every есімдігі топқа қатысты қолданылып «барлығы»
деген мағыаны білдіреді:
a) Every citizen has to pay taxes.
b) I would like to visit every country in the world.

31

EXERCISES
 1. Find the right pronouns.
1. This is my / mine umbrella. (Your) / yours umbrella is over
there.
2. This is my / mine. The other one is your / yours.
3. Mary and Bob have their / theirs books. In other words, Mary
has her / hers and Bob has his / him.
4. A honeybee has two wings on each side of its / it‟s body.
5. Its / It‟s true that a homing pigeon will find its / it‟s way home
even though it begins its / it‟s trip in unfamiliar territory.
6. I have a pet. Its / It‟s name is Squeak. Its / It‟s a turtle. Its / It‟s
been my pet for two years.
7. Our / Ours house is almost the same as our / ours neighbors‟
house. The only difference in appearance is that our / ours is gray and
their / theirs is white.
8. When I was in Florida, I observed an interesting fish-eating
bird called an anhinga.
It / They dives into the water and spears its / it‟s prey on its / it‟s
long, pointed bill. After emerging from the water, it / they tosses the
fish into the air and catches it / them in mid-air, then swallows it /
them headfirst. Its / It‟s interesting to watch anhinga in action. I enjoy
watching it / them.
 2. Full in a few, (very) few, a little, or (very) little.
1. Do you have ____ minutes? I‟d like to ask you ____ questions.
I need more information.
2. Diana‟s previous employer gave her a good recommendation
because she makes ____ mistakes in her work.
3. After Steve tasted the soup, he added ____ salt to it.
4. I don‟t like a lot of salt on my food. I add ____ salt to my food.
5. I like music. I like to listen to ____ music after dinner before I
begin studying.
6. Driving downtown to the stadium for the baseball game was
easy. We got there quickly because there was ____ traffic.
7. Jim is having a lot of trouble adjusting to eighth grade. He
seems to be unpopular. Unfortunately, he has ____ friends.

32

8. We‟re looking forward to our vacation. we‟re planning to
spend ____ days with my folks and then ____ days with my husband‟s
folks. After that, we‟re going to a fishing resort in Canada.
9. A.: Are you finished?
B.: Not yet. I need _____ more minutes.
10. A.: Are you finished?
B.: Not yet. I need _____ more time.
11. I was hungry, so I ate ____ nuts.
12. Because the family is very poor, the children have ____ toys.
13. Into each life, _____ rain must fall. (a saying)
14. Samal likes sweet tea. She usually adds honey to her tea.
15. Has anyone ever called you on the phone and tried to sell you
something you didn‟t want? I have _____ patience with people who
interrupt my dinner to try to sell me a magazine.
16. He‟s a lucky little boy. Because his parents have taken good
care of him, he has had ____ problems in his young life.
 3. Fill in somebody (someone), anybody (anyone), nobody
(no one), everybody (everyone), something, nothing, everything:
1. The door is open. There must be … at home.
2. There is … wrong with my fountain-pen. It won‟t write.
3. A blind man cannot see ….
4. Is there … in the room? - Yes, there is … in it.
5. It is too dark here, I cannot see ….
6. If there is … in the room you may turn off the light.
7.Can … recite the poem?
8. We must do … to help her.
9. Can I do … for you?
10. There must be … interesting in the book you read.
11. It is too dark, I can‟t see … on the blackboard. May I turn on
the light?
12. We can work in Room No. 20. There is … there.
13. Let‟s go there at once. I want to see … with my own eyes.
14. May I come to see you tonight? I‟ve got … to tell you.
15. Bob is one of our best students, … knows him.
16. Must we learn … by heart? – No, must only prepare the poem
for test reading.
17. There is … interesting in this magazine.
18. Is … away from the lesson?

33

 4. Fill in the blanks with some, any, not any, much, many,
not much, not many, very little, a little, very few, a few:
1.Are there … college-graduates among your friends? – Yes,
there are …
2.Are there … students in the next classroom? – No, there aren‟t …
3. I haven‟t got time , I must hurry.
4. I have … time and can help you.
5. There are … cups on the table, but there aren‟t … glasses.
6. I have very … time and can‟t stay any longer.
7. We know very … about it.
8.I have … questions to ask.
9.Very … people know Doctor Sanford.
10. There are … girls in the family, are there?
11.There‟s very … chalk at the blackboard, go and fetch …
12. There are … students in the hall, are there?
13. There isn‟t … tea in the tea -pot.
14. There isn‟t … paper in the box , I need more.
15. There aren‟t … pencils in the box, don‟t take …
16. It‟s a secret. Very …people know about it.
17. Please add … more tea in my cup.
 5. Fill in the blanks much, many:
1. I haven‟t visited _____ city in the United States.
2. There (isn‟t/aren‟t) ______ money in my bank account.
3. I haven‟t gotten ______ mail lately.
4. I don‟t get _____ letter.
5. There (isn‟t/aren‟t) _____ hotel in my hometown.
6. There (is/are) ______ too _____ furniture in Anar‟s living
room.
7. There (isn‟t/aren‟t) ______ traffic today.
8. There (isn‟t/aren‟t) ____ car on the road today.
9. I can‟t go with you because I have too ____ work to do.
10. A: How _____ side does a pentagon have?
B: Five.
11. I couldn‟t find ______ information in that book.
12. How ______ homework did the teacher assign?
13. I haven‟t met ______ people since came here.
14. How ______ postage does this letter need?
15. I think there (is/are) ______ to ______ violence on television.
34

 6. Neither / either / none / any.
1. We tried a lot of hotels, but ______ of them had any rooms.
2. I took two books with me on holiday, but I didn‟t read _____ of
them.
3. There are a few shops at the end of the street, but ______ of
them sell newspapers.
4. You can phone me at ______ time during the evening. I‟m
always at home.
5. I can meet you next Monday or Friday. Would _____ of those
days be convenient for you?
6. John and I couldn‟t get into the house because _______ of us
had a key.
7. _______ eat your dinner or go to your room!
8. “Can you came on Monday or Tuesday?” “I am afraid _____
day is possible”.
9. ______ of my brothers remembered my birthday.
 7. Each or every.
1. There were four books on the table. _______ book was a
different color.
2. The Olympic Games are held _______ four years.
3. _______ parent worries about their children.
4. In a game of tennis there are two or four players. ______ player
has a ticket.
5. Nicola plays football ______ Thursday evening.
6. I understand most of what they said but not _______ word.
7. I get paid ______ four weeks.
8. The book is divided into five parts and ______ of these has
three sections.
9. ______ person in turn went to see the doctor.
10. He gave _____ patient the same medicine.

35

TESTYOURSELF
1. Choose the right pronoun.
That is the girl ____ brother came to see ____
a) that / we
d) whom / its
b) whose / us
e) what / us
c) which / they
2. Choose the right pronoun.
If ____ has ____ questions, I‟ll be pleased to answer them.
a) someone / any
d) anyone / none
b) anyone / any
e) someone / none
c) none / any
3. Choose the right pronoun.
I haven‟t read ____ of these books but George has read _____ of
them.
a) none/some
d) any / any
b) no / some
e) any / no
c) any / some
4. Choose the right pronoun.
That pen isn‟t _____ . ______ is a green one.
a) my / my
d) I /me
b) his / he
e) her / its
c) mine / mine
5. Choose the right pronoun.
If this hat is ____, where have you put _____ ?
a) your / mine
d) ours / their
b) his / hers
e) hers / my
c) mine / her
6. Choose the right pronoun.
_____ read the book and _____ took it to the library.
a) he / me
d) she / her
b) I / he
e) we / them
c) you / her
7. Choose the right pronoun.
He keeps trying although there is _____ chance of success.
a) much
d) a little
b) few
e) a few
c) much
36

8. Choose the right pronoun.
There are many clocks in the office but _____ of them work
properly.
a) little
d) a little
b) few
e) a few
c) much
9) Choose the right pronoun.
She wasn‟t very hungry. She has just had _____ soup.
a) few
d) little
b) a few
e)much
c) a little
10. Choose the right pronoun.
There aren‟t ______ jobs for young people.
a) much
d) many
b) a few
e) much
c) little
11. Choose the right pronoun.
Have you bought... in the shop?
A) anything
D) nobody
B) somebody
E) any
C) anybody
12. Choose the right pronoun.
Are you waiting for ...?
A) any
D) anуthing
B) somebody
E) anybody
C) something
13. Choose the right pronoun.
I found ... books on the table yesterday.
A) anybody's
D) any‟s
B) somebody‟s
E) some‟s
C) nobody
14. Choose the right pronoun.
We have ... new friends. Have you...?
A) some-some
D) some-any
B) any- some
E) no, some
C) any-any

37

15. Choose the right pronoun.
...has phoned me last night.
A) somebody
D) nothing
B) anybody
E) something
C) anything
16. Choose the right pronoun.
...advises me to stay at home.
A) anybody
D) everysome
B) everything
E) everyany
C) everybody
17. Choose the right pronoun.
Do you know ... here?
A) any
D) some
B) a
E) no
C) somebody
18. Choose the right pronoun.
Silence! ... is downstairs.
A) somebody
D) no
B) nobody
E) nothing
C) everybody
19. Choose the right pronoun.
Can ... of you help me to close the window?
A) no
D) any
B) none
E) nobody
C) some
20. Choose the right pronoun.
...of them were dancing, others were playing cards.
A) some
D) nobody
B) no
E) any
C) nothing
21. Our aunt lives in Astana …. is the capital of Kazakhstan.
a) Who
d) Whom
b) Which
e) What
c) Where
22. Choose the right pronoun.
I have g