Conjunctions in the Complex and Compound sentences

Шылаулардың сабақтас құрмалас және салалас құрмалас сөйлемдерде қолданылуы

Мезгіл бағыныңқылы шылаулар:

after – кейін, болғаны; before – дейін, шейін; when – соң, кейін, кезде, да-де, та-те ; where – да-де; while – кезде, уақытта; until(till) – дейін, шейін, майынша, мейінше; as – сияқты, тан-тен, дан-ден; as long as – дейін; as soon as – кейін, болғаны.

Салыстырмалы бағыныңқылы шылаулар:

(not) so ... as –үшін, сол себепті; as – болғандықтан, дай-дей; as ... as – сияқты; as if (as though) – сияқты; than – дан-ден, тан-тен.

Шартты бағыныңқылы шылаулар:

if – егер, да-де, кезде; whether – ба-бе, екендігі, болуы; supposing that – егер де, болмаса; unless – маса-месе, наса-несе; on condition (that) – егер де; provided (that) – егер де; providing (that) – егер де

that – нің, -ның, болғандықтан

Себеп-салдар бағыныңқылы шылаулар:

as – болғандықтан, содан; because - өйткені, себебі, тан-тен; since – дан-ден, тан-тен; so that – сондықтан, сол себепті, үшін; for – немесе, өйткені; now that (now) - өйткені.

Басыңқы сөйлем мен бағыныңқы сөйлемдерді байланыстыру үшін мынадай шылау сөздер қолданылады: who, whose, what, which, that, when, where, how, why.

e.g. I do not know when he will return.

when – мезгіл пысықтауыш

e.g. I know the man who wrote this letter.

who – бағыныңқы сөйлемнің бастауышы

Exercise 1. Linking words: because, when, until

Make sentences using a line in A, a line in B, and a line in C.

Model: I left the party early because I didn`t feel well.

A	B	C
I left the party early Peter could not speak Tim did not see the Coliseum Eva did not start learning English I did not enjoy Math‘s lessons Sally didn`t buy the red shoes They did not do to bed We met Ken`s wife last Sunday	because when until	she was thirty. they came for dinner. I was at school. she did not like them. after midnight. he was nearly four. I didn`t feel well. he was in Rome.

Exercise 2. Complete the text using the words in the box.

and but so because when until

My best friend

My best friend is called Pamela. We met 11 years ago (a) we were both 6 years old.

It was my first day at school (b) I was very unhappy (c) I wanted my mother. Pamela gave me a sweet (d) we became friends immediately. We were together nearly every day (e) we left school twelve years later.

Then I went to university, (f) Pamela didn`t. She married (g) she was just 18 (h) had 3 children. I studied for 8 years (i) I wanted to be an accountant. I had a lot

of new friends, (j) I didn`t see Pamela very often. Sometimes we didn`t meet for months, (k) we often talked on the telephone.

Now I am married, too. I live near Pamela (l)_ we meet every week. She is a student now (m) I have a baby, (n) we can give each other a lot of advice!

Exercise 3. Translate the sentences paying attention to the conjunctions.

1 While crossing the English Channel we stayed on deck all the time. 2 I felt sick when crossing the Channel

3. I shall not come to school until Monday.

4. He asked her where she usually spent her summer holidays. 5 Ann wondered when Mike had left London.

6. She asked Boris when he would be back home.

7. She asked me why I had not come there the day before.

8. She wanted to know what I should do the next day if I was not busy at my office.

9. I asked Nick where he was going.

10 Pete asked his friends when they were leaving Almaty.

11. He asked them who they would see before they left there.

12. They asked him what time the train started.

13. I asked Mike what he would do after dinner. 14 Ada asked me where I had seen such trees.

15 I asked Becky what kind of book her friend had brought her.

Exercise 4. Сөйлемдерді аударып, сабақтас және салалас құрмалас сөйлемдерді анықтаңыздар.

1. I forgot where I had put the book.

2. She wanted to know who had given me that nice kitten.

3. He asked me where he could buy an English-Kazakh dictionary.

4. He wondered how long it would take my brother to get to Ekibastuz.

5. He didn't tell anybody where he was going.

6. Did you know where he had gone?

7. Did you know where he was?

8. I wanted to know when he was leaving school.

9. Nobody knew where he lived.

10. She asked them when he would come back.

11. He wanted to know where she had bought that hat.

12. I had no idea how much she had paid for it.