Ғылыми жұмыс

A school by named “Sholakkorgan”

Research project

“The origin names of the months in the English language ”

Social –humanitarium section

Work completed by the

student of 5th "А" grade Kozhakhmet Bayan

Scientific adviser:

English teacher: Abpazova Makbal

2018-2019

«Шолаққорған» жалпы орта мектебінің

5 «А» сынып оқушысы Қожахмет Баянның

«Ағылшын тілінде ай атаулларының шығу тегі»

тақырыбындағы ғылыми-зерттеу жұмысына

Пікір

«Шолаққорған» жалпы орта мектебінің 5 «А» сынып оқушысы Қожахмет Баянның «Ағылшын тілінде ай атаулларының шығу тегі» тақырыбындағы ғылыми-зерттеу жұмысында ағылшын тілінде ай атауларының шығу тарихы туралы зерттеліп, идиомалар мен мақалдарды айдың атауларын ағылшын тілінде қолдану процесі туралы баяндалған. Жұмыста идиомалар мен өлең жолдары жинақталып, талдау жасалған.

Сонымен қатар этимологиясының соншалықты терең екенін көрсетеді. Оқушы өзіне қызықты тақырып алып, өз зерттеулерін жүргізген.

Ғылыми жетекшісі ағылшын тілі пәні мұғалімі Абпазова Макбал

Work title: The origin names of the months in the English language.

Content

Introduction ------------------------------------------------------------------2 p

Main part:

1. The origin names of the months in the English language ----------3 p

2. Months of the year in English idioms--------------------------------- 10 p

Conclusion --------------------------------------------------------------------11p

Used literature--------------------------------------------------------------- 12 p

Introduction

The word "calendar" of Latin origin. In Latin, “calendarium” meant “a record-book” (book of records). It was a book where they wrote down the names of those who were restricted (given) money for a certain time and for a certain percentage of “cash”. Lenders called their books "calendarium", because The interest was paid on “calends” —the first day of each month.

Time passed, people forgot the old name, but the word remained and was used to mean days, weeks, months of the year. The calendar gives us the opportunity to record events in their chronological sequence, allows you to remember important dates, and for many other purposes.

Every nation approached the names of the months in its own way. For example, the first month in Athens, Greece is called Hecatombeon, in Rome, Italy, Januarius, etc. Some of them migrated to European languages. And now we call the first month, January, the English, January, German, Januar, French, janvier. But before these names came, in England the old names of the months were used.

Objective: to study the origin of the names of the months in ancient and modern English.

Tasks: - to investigate the etymology of the names of the months in the English language;

The research methods used in the work: the study and analysis of the literature, the systematization of the collected material, the classification of the material.

Object of study: the process of using the names of the months in the English language.

This work consists of an introduction, main part, conclusion, list of references.

The origin names of the months in the English language.

Etymology is a science that studies the origin of words, their life and changes in language.

There are various approaches to the origin of the names of the months. Meanwhile, the same fact indicates that the etymology is so deep that it is almost completely forgotten. But the most important thing is another fact - the widest distribution of the same names of the months among a huge number of peoples and in different territories.

The first month of the year - January in modern English is named after the Roman god of doors, roads and undertakings Janus, who was depicted with two faces. In Old English, this month was called “Wulfmonth” - “month of the wolves” - the month of wolves. Now England is densely populated, and it is difficult to imagine that there was a time when wolves lived on the island. On cold winter days and nights when the wolves were very hungry, they would go to the villages in search of food. This happened so often that the locals associated the name of the month with this phenomenon.

The name - February-is also of Latin origin "februa" -purification. The ancient British called it Sprote-Kale Monath. Kale is a type of cabbage, sprote from the verb to sprout (begin to grow) to begin to grow, i.e. This is the month when cabbage began to grow’-month when cabbages began to grow in storerooms.

March is the month of Mars, the Roman god of war. In the time of Julius Caesar, the Roman year began in March. In Britain, strong cold winds usually blew this month. It is not surprising that in ancient legends he is referred to as Hyld –Monath- ‘noisy month’ or “the month of noisy winds’ ”“ month of noisy winds ”. Hence the saying ‘If March comes like a lion, it will go out like a lamb’. "March comes like a lion, and leaves like a lamb." (Mart comes with a storm, and leaves with heat).

No one will say with full confidence how April got its name. There are several options. The Latin name of the month is ‘Aprilis’. Some researchers associate this word with the Latin element apero-meaning ‘second’, because April was the second month in the Rome calendar (after March). Other researchers believe that this month was named after the Etruscan goddess ‘Apriu’. But the most common variant is that the Latin word ‘aperire’, means open ’, perhaps because buds bloom and bloom in April. The Greeks believe that the name of Greek origin is from ‘Aphro, which is short for древ Aphrodite, the ancient Greek goddess of love and beauty. The British called it simply ‘Easter Monath’- the month of the religious holiday of Easter, which was always celebrated this month.

May - was named in the Roman calendar in honor of the ancient Roman goddess of spring, the growth and prosperity of Maya. However, the English name is not so poetic. The British called him ‘Thrimilce’, i.e. "The month of the three-day milking of cows" because in May, the cows gave so much milk that the peasants had to milk them three times a day. They were very busy, probably because of the saying “Marry in the month of May and you’re surely rue the day”. "Whoever gets married in May, he will regret all his life."

June - is also named in the Roman calendar in honor of the ancient Roman goddess Juno, the wife of Jupiter, the patroness of marriage and childbirth.

The British called it Sere –Monath (dry month) - the dry month, because agricultural concerns were their main concern.

Corn Calm weather in June, sets corn in tune ’. "Good weather in June - to the grain in the bins"

July - this month was named after the Roman emperor Julius Caesar. The British called him - Maed-Monath- (month of meadows) at that time, grass bloomed in great abundance in the meadows.

August - originally called him that. He was the sixth month after March, and then it was renamed in honor of another equally famous Roman emperor Octavian Augustus.

In Old English, the following name was chosen for this month –Weod- Monath- the month of weeds- month of weeds. Sounds weird, right? But in Old English, the word weed meant vegetation (vegetation).

September, October, November - is the seventh, eighth, ninth and tenth months of the year according to the Roman calendar after March.

The British have more descriptive names. September- Harfest-Monath –the harvest month.

October - Win-Monath –the wine month (the time of the grape harvest and the preparation of wine)

November-Blod-Monath - the blood month in November, the British made offerings to the gods in the form of sacrifices, and also cut up part of the livestock and salted the meat, for use in the winter.

December- Mid-Winter-Monath- middle wintermonth- mid-winter month. whereas the Christians called him Halig-Monath - the holy month-holy month, since this month was born Jesus Christ.

Each month has its own name and each month is unique in its own way. In the Oxford Book of Children’s Verse you can read an amazing poem about them:

January brings the snow,

Makes out feet and fingers glow.

February brings the rain,

Thaws the frozen lake again.

March brings breezes loud and shrill,

Stirs the dancing daffodil.

April brings the primrose sweet,

Scatters daisies at our feet.

May brings flocks of pretty lambs,

Skipping by their fleecy dams.

June brings tulips, lilies, roses,

Fills the children’s hands with poses.

Hot July brings cooling showers,

Apricots and gillyflowers.

August brings the sheaves of corn,

Then the harvest home is borne.

Warm September brings the fruit,

Sportsmen then begin to shoot.

Fresh October brings the pheasant,

Then to gather nuts is pleasant.

Dull November brings the blast,

Then the leaves are whirling fast.

Chill December brings the sleet,

Blazing fire and Christmas treat.

Months of the Year in English Idioms

"January barometer" (a way to predict the market situation, according to which market activity rises in those years when the Standard 500 / Poor's index value increases in January, and decreases with a decrease in this index value in January)

February fill-dike- rainy period (com. February); letters "Filling ditches" (the epithet of February, which differs (in England) with abundant rains and snowfalls); (Scottish): Aquarius-month

March beer (seasonal drink, produced mainly by virtue of tradition; goes on sale in mid-March and sells no more than a month)

May and December / January- marriage between a young girl and an old man

May Day- May First

Mayflower- flower, blooming in May: myannik, lily of the valley, hawthorn

May-queen-girl chosen for the beauty of the Queen of May (in May games)

April is the cruellest month. April showers brings May flowers. A warm January, a cold May.

March comes in like a lion and goes out like a lamb.

March grass never did good.- There will be no good from early grass.

Marry in the month of May and you will surely rue the day.

Cut thistles in May, they grow in a day - Cut down the weeds in May, they will grow immediately;

Cut them in June, that is too soon -Cut up the weeds in June, they will grow soon;

Cut them in July, then they will die - “Cut them in July — they will never grow.

A swarm of bees is worth a load of hay in May;

A swarm bees in June is worth a silver spoon; -bee swarm worth a silver spoon in June.

Conclusion

Having considered all the names, it is difficult not to notice that in Old English a month could get its name because of its “character”, that is, natural features, whereas in modern English the names of the months came from the Roman calendar. The features of the etymology of the names can be traced in popular proverbs and signs.

This work can be used in English lessons to instill interest in the target language, as well as in the elective course when studying the history of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

References

1.Borisova L.M. From the history of English words. - M .: Enlightenment, 1993.

2. Webster’s third new international dictionary. Encyclopadia Britannica, inc.

3. etymonline.com

4. www. Lingvoda.ru/ dictionaries

5. https://br-tv.net/tv/the-origin-of-leprechauns-celtic-folklore-month

6. http://www.answers.com