Specialists of agency

NATURAL DISASTERS

Types of
disasters.
by Sakybayeva Adema

NATURAL DISASTERS

TSUNAMI

VOLCANIC

WILDFIRES

TORNADO

Uncontrolled burning of

an atmospheric vortex that

vegetation and

occurs in a cumulonimbus

EARTHQUAKE

ERUPTION
Long waves generated by a
powerful impact on the
entire water column in the
ocean or other body of
water.

A mountain with a crater
at the top, through which
from time to time fire, lava
and ash can erupt from
the bowels of the earth.

strong vibration of the
earth's surface caused by

spontaneous spread of fires (thunderstorm) cloud and

processes occurring in the

in the forest area.

lithosphere.

spreads down, often to the
very surface of the earth, in
the form of a cloud sleeve
or trunk tens and hundreds
of meters in diameter.

TSUNAMI
The reason for this phenomenon is
underwater earthquakes, during which
there is a sharp displacement (rise or fall)
of a section of the seabed. Tsunamis are
formed during an earthquake of any
strength, but those that arise due to strong
earthquakes (with a magnitude of more
than 7) reach great strength. As a result of
the earthquake, several waves. More than
80% of tsunamis exist on the periphery of
the Pacific Ocean.

VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS
VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS ARE GEOLOGICAL EMERGENCIES THAT OFTEN
LEAD TO NATURAL DISASTERS. THE ERUPTION PROCESS CAN LAST
FROM SEVERAL HOURS TO MANY YEARS.
AN ERUPTION IS UNDERSTOOD AS THE PROCESS OF INFLOW FROM
THE BOWELS TO THE SURFACE OF A SIGNIFICANT AMOUNT OF
INCANDESCENT AND HOT VOLCANIC PRODUCTS IN A GASEOUS,
LIQUID AND SOLID STATE. DURING ERUPTIONS, VOLCANIC EDIFICES
ARE FORMED - A CHARACTERISTIC FORM OF UPLAND, CONFINED TO
CHANNELS AND CRACKS, THROUGH WHICH THE PRODUCTS OF THE
ERUPTION COME TO THE SURFACE FROM MAGMA CHAMBERS.
USUALLY THEY HAVE THE SHAPE OF A CONE WITH A DEPRESSION - A
CRATER AT THE TOP. IN THE EVENT OF ITS SUBSIDENCE AND
COLLAPSE, A CALDERA IS FORMED - AN EXTENSIVE CIRCUS-SHAPED
BASIN WITH STEEP WALLS AND A RELATIVELY FLAT BOTTOM.

WILDFIRES

The causes of fires in the forest are usually divided into natural
and anthropogenic. The main cause of forest fires is human activity,
today the share of natural fires (from lightning) is about 7-8%. Thus,
there is an urgent need for the work of fire services, control over the
observance of fire safety regulations. The size of the fires makes it
possible to observe them visually, even from space.
More than 340 million hectares of natural areas (including
forests) are damaged by fire on Earth every year. The largest areas
of annually burned forests are in Australia and African countries.
In terms of the total area of forests destroyed by fires, Russia
ranks 8th among the countries of the world.

TORNADO
TORNADO
A TORNADO
CAN
OCCUR
WHEN
WARM
A TORNADO
CAN
OCCUR
WHEN
WARM
AIR AIR
SATURATED
WITH
WATER
VAPOR
ENTERS,
WHEN
A
SATURATED
WITH
WATER
VAPOR
ENTERS,
WHEN
A
WARM,
MOIST
COMES
INTO
CONTACT
WITH
A
WARM,
MOIST
AIR AIR
COMES
INTO
CONTACT
WITH
A
COLD
"DOME"
FORMED
OVER
COLD
AREAS
COLD
DRYDRY
"DOME"
FORMED
OVER
COLD
AREAS
OF THE
EARTH'S
SURFACE
(SEA).
AT THE
POINT
OF THE
EARTH'S
SURFACE
(SEA).
AT THE
POINT
OF OF
CONTACT,
CONDENSATION
OF WATER
VAPOR
CONTACT,
CONDENSATION
OF WATER
VAPOR
OCCURS,
WHILE
RAINDROPS
FORMED
OCCURS,
WHILE
RAINDROPS
AREARE
FORMED
ANDAND
HEAT
IS RELEASED,
WHICH
LOCALLY
HEATS
HEAT
IS RELEASED,
WHICH
LOCALLY
HEATS
THE THE
HEATED
RUSHES
UPWARD,
CREATING
AIR.AIR.
THE THE
HEATED
AIR AIR
RUSHES
UPWARD,
CREATING
A RAREFACTION
ZONE.
NEARBY
WARM
HUMID
A RAREFACTION
ZONE.
THE THE
NEARBY
WARM
HUMID
OF THE
CLOUD
UNDERLYING
COLD
AIR AIR
OF THE
CLOUD
ANDAND
THE THE
UNDERLYING
COLD
DRAWN
INTO
RAREFACTION
ZONE,
AIR AIR
AREARE
DRAWN
INTO
THISTHIS
RAREFACTION
ZONE,
WHICH
LEADS
TO AVALANCHE-LIKE
AN AVALANCHE-LIKE
WHICH
LEADS
TO AN
DEVELOPMENT
OF THE
PROCESS
DEVELOPMENT
OF THE
PROCESS
ANDAND
THE THE
RELEASE
OF SIGNIFICANT
ENERGY.
AS
A RESULT,
A
RELEASE
OF SIGNIFICANT
ENERGY.
AS A
RESULT,
A
CHARACTERISTIC
FUNNEL
IS FORMED.
CHARACTERISTIC
FUNNEL
IS FORMED.

EARTHQUAKE

More than a million earthquakes are recorded annually by instruments. The
growth in the number of observation points and the improvement of
instruments for recording seismic vibrations have made it possible to register
more and more earthquakes occurring in the bowels of the planet every
decade. If in the early 1900s about 40 earthquakes of magnitude 7 and
higher were recorded, then by the 21st century the location and strength of
all earthquakes of such magnitude were recorded, and the number of such
events amounted to more than 4,000 cases per decade. Depending on the
energy of earthquakes, they are conventionally subdivided into strong, weak
and micro-earthquakes. The terms "destructive" or "catastrophic" are used
in relation to an earthquake of any energy and nature, if it was
accompanied by destruction and death of people

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