Strategies of teaching English in small-sized schools

Introduction

General characteristic of the research. In recent years language researchers and practitioners have shifted their focus from developing individual linguistic skills to the use of language to achieve the speaker's objectives. This new area of focus, known as communicative competence, leads language teachers to seek task-oriented activities that engage their schoolchildren in creative language use. Teaching foreign language through learning strategies, which are task-based and have a purpose beyond the production of correct speech, serve as excellent communicative activities. On the surface, the aim of all language strategies is for pupils to "use the language"; however, during using the strategies learners also use the target language to persuade and negotiate their way to desired results. This process involves the productive and receptive skills simultaneously. Standing on such ground, we considered the theme of the work actual enough to make investigation.

Effective learning strategies for foreign language teaching have a great potential for teaching English, developing students, building creative abilities, developing student personalities, and enhancing their interest in the subject.

The necessity of effective use of new advanced technologies and training strategies in the learning process to increase students' knowledge of the foreign language, the formation of cognitive skills, communicative skills determine the relevance of the dissertation.

Significance of the research work. Language learning strategies offer pupils a fun-filled and relaxing learning atmosphere. After learning and practicing new vocabulary, pupils have the opportunity to use language in a non-stressful way. While playing games, the learners' attention is on the message, not on the language. Rather than pay attention to the correctness of linguistic forms, most participants will do all they can to win. This eases the fear of negative evaluation, the concern of being negatively judged in public, and which is one of the main factors inhibiting language learners from using the target language in front of other people. In a strategy-oriented context, anxiety is reduced and speech fluency is generated-thus communicative competence is achieved. Language strategies are also motivating. Language strategies introduce an element of competition into language-building activities. This provides valuable impetus to a purposeful use of language. In other words, these activities create a meaningful context for language use. The competitive ambiance also makes learners concentrate and think intensively during the learning process, which enhances unconscious acquisition of inputs. Most pupils who have experienced strategy-oriented activities hold positive attitudes towards them. Pupils like the relaxed atmosphere, the competitiveness, and the motivation that strategy brought to the classroom. On the effectiveness of using language strategies, teachers reported that their pupils seem to learn more quickly and retain the learned materials better in a stress-free and comfortable environment.

Teaching English through different kinds of language strategies gives an opportunity to promote communicative competence, increase learning motivation, reduce learning anxiety, encourage creative and spontaneous use of language and construct a cooperative learning environment.

Aim of the research work is to identify a system of using strategies in teaching English in small-sized schools as a key component.

Supplied aim is required the decisions of the following tasks where the effectiveness of using language strategies involves the formulation and solution of the issues:

- to determine the role of using strategies in teaching language at English lessons;

- to analyze views of different linguists on the problems of using strategies in teaching language in small-sized schools;

- to classify and introduce the types of learning strategies during lessons;

- to describe various types of strategies in teaching language;

- to analyze strategies as a linguistic unit;

- to create the methodological system of English language learning strategies in small-sized schools.

Carrying out the aim is advisable to use these scientific methods as inductive and deductive, classification, method of synthesis, analysis, objective-analytical, comparative-typological, comparative analysis, complex-comparative analysis, method of statistical research and sociometric method.

Object of the research work is using strategies in teaching language at English lessons and types of strategies in speech situations.

Subject of the research work is the strategies in teaching English in small-sized schools.

Scientific novelty of the work is determined the role of using the strategies in teaching English in small-sized schools which is concluded in materials of the linguists. During the study, language strategies in teaching English in schools for the first time have become a form of research. A comprehensive analysis of English-language scientific and pedagogical articles was considered as a special discourse genre of global scientific and pedagogical communication, which developed in the era of globalization. The novelty of the research and the peculiarity of the author's research are reflected in the lexical-semantic peculiarities of article organization, the consideration of the linguistic and functional peculiarities of the textual texts, the study of trends in the formation and dissemination of educational values ​​and practices, data collection.

The theoretical and practical importance of the research. In this research the works of outstanding linguists and scientists were used by us: the works of foreign scientists A.A.Leontiev, N.Chomsky, J.Miller, E.F.Tarasov, V.Humboldt, W.Wundt, C.Osgood, G.Steinthal, T.B.Alisova, M.V.Vsevolodova, N.N.Boldirev, O.A.Kobrina, V.V.Vinogradov, I.R.Galperin, N.Yu.Shvedova, G.A.Zolotova, E.M.Wolfand and Kazakh scientists A.Kaidar, E.Zhanpeisova, N.Kh.Demesinova, T.Kordabaev, K.Zhamanbaeva, R.Syzdyk, N.Uali, Zh.Mankeyeva, G.Smagulova.

This work reflects modern trends in linguistics and it would serve as a good way of implying in the following spheres:

1. It can be successfully used by teachers and philologists as modern material for writing research works at high schools and scientific circles of linguistic kind.

2. It can be used by teachers of schools, lyceums and colleges of English as a methodical manual for teaching English.

3. It can be useful for everyone who wants to enlarge own knowledge in English.

Also the present material can be used by the teachers of English language for teaching English, lexicology, and speech practice in both: universities and English classes at schools. This work can help to create the teaching aids, textbooks, etc. Teachers and students might use the results of the present work for the further investigations.

Materials of the research. The Constitution of Republic of Kazakhstan, the Law “About Education” of Republic of Kazakhstan, State program of developing education in Republic of Kazakhstan for 2011-2020, the works of psychologists’, methodologists of pedagogic and scientists who refers their scientific works for research problems, official documents for educational problems, educational standards, educational-methodical complex and educational programs.

Results of the research work. Language strategies allow pupils to cope with overviewing new rules and relating them to prior knowledge, setting goals and objectives, organizing learning and evaluating its results. Much linguistic research seeks to relate the morphosyntactic markers found in languages to their semantic values and pragmatic functions, and to determine the conditions for the interpretations of those markers in connected spoken discourse and in written texts.

The general hypothesis of the research work. The analysis of the work should be carried out in the dialectical relationship of the linguistic and literary aspects, as well as the concepts that make up them, which will help to reveal the uniqueness, versatility and depth of the work.

Approbation of the research work. Collection of articles that make up the content of the work:

1. Teaching methods in small-sized classes // Journal "Khabarshy" of Kokshetau state university by Sh.Ualikhanov: №1, 2019, electronic collection, Volume I, p.p. 284-293.

2. Шағын комплектілі мектептерге арналған білім беру ресурстары // Интелектуальный и научный потенциал ХХІ века (The Intellectual and Scientific Potential of the XXI Century) Материалы Международной научно-практической конференции, г.Минск, Беларусь, 19 марта, 2019 года, стр.28-37.

Structure of the research work consists of an introduction, two main parts, the conclusion and the list of bibliography.

Introduction is determined the significance of the theme, the aim and the tasks of the work, methods and materials of the research to carry out the tasks, the scientific novelty, object and subject of research, the hypothesis of the research, the theoretical and practical importance of research and also it was developed the structure of dissertation work.

The first part of the research work is called «Theoretical and methodological bases of foreign language learning in small-sized schools» and it is devoted to a review of the scientific literature on the language strategies in teaching English at schools in traditional linguistics and covers the following issues: the place of modality in the semantic structure of the utterance; complex analysis of strategies (the interpretation of strategies in modern linguistic concepts, the classification of strategies, the means of implementing the strategies, the problem of the strategies in teaching English in small-sized schools of the text) and correlation of the language strategies.

The second part of the research work is called «Creation of methodological system of English language learning strategies in small-sized schools and their classifications» and it contains a description of the experiment conducted to study the dynamics of formation and the mechanism of the functioning of strategies using an objective method of investigation. The conclusions made as a result of the experiment made it possible to put and partially solve certain theoretical questions of the linguistic aspect of small-sized schools.

Conclusion determines the results and system of the strategies in teaching English in small-sized schools. Taking into account the fact that linguistics is an interdisciplinary science, it is necessary to note the scientific fields with which this science is somehow integrated, and a mention that is necessary in our research work.

Conclusion is also determined that using strategies is an efficient way to teach English in the small-sized class. This way gets you the best results in the classroom. It arises pupils’ motivation. Language strategies prepare young learners for life and they acquire positive social attitudes. They teach sharing, helping each other and working in a team. A pupil learns by doing, living, trying and imitating. So this kind of learning is lasting. During the use of strategies as games some feelings such as the pleasure of winning and the ambition of losing may arise. This gives to the teacher an idea about pupil’s character. So strategies are must-have activities for hardworking teachers.

1 Theoretical and methodological bases of foreign language teaching in small-sized schools

1.1 Scientific and theoretical basis of teaching foreign languages in secondary schools

Nowadays learning of foreign languages is an integral component of education. Knowledge of foreign languages ​​greatly facilitates the opportunity for further education and employment abroad. Therefore, all kinds of techniques in the teaching of foreign languages ​​are used that facilitate and accelerate language learning. Many of them have an intense emotional impact on learners. Various creations by native speakers (literature, music, painting, film) are used in teaching foreign languages. At present, more and more training is not based on linguistic, but on communicative and the intercultural approach that allows the use of valuable authentic foreign-language materials culturally.

In order to add to the learning process a variety and entertaining moment, many training courses are using original musical and song materials specially designed for educational purposes.

Language learning is a hard work. Effort is required at every moment and must be maintained over a long period of time. As we need meaningfulness in language learning, and authentic use of the language it is useful to follow and create many different techniques and procedures. That through creative procedure we can have an interactive environment which may lead to an improvement in learning a foreign language. According to pupils' achievements we can asses through utilizing pre, and post tests if our pupils have improved or not, and if our procedure is useful, effective or not.

We all know that English is the international language so many parents want to teach their children to learn English from an early age. It is not easy to teach English to young learners because they still like to play. Even  some young learners assume that English is a difficult language. So they feel lazy to learn it.  At an early age, we need to teach the basic English at first, such as alphabet, numbers, colors, and also conversations simple and easy. Besides, the young learners also need to be given a medium to facilitate them so that they are more focused on learning. Therefore, we necessary use several methods that it can help them to learn English easily.

Foreign language is the means by which it is possible not only to acquire and demonstrate their cultural level, their ability to think, but also the means by which you can assess someone else's idea, someone else's work. This is the key to a different culture; therefore, in the process of mastering a foreign language culture in the pupils brought a sense of interest in other cultures, a sense of mutual understanding, tolerance and respect for other cultures.

Learning a foreign language aspect of culture lies in the fact that the student masters the necessary kinds of speech activity - speaking, writing, reading, and listening.

Every aspect is of practically significant: a cognitive aspect effects on motivation, developing facilitates the mastery of foreign language culture, educational contributes to that and another, and they all appear in a special way when used in learning a foreign language of music works.

The initial stage of learning a foreign language is the most difficult and responsible, as at this stage it is necessary not only to learn the correct pronunciation and articulation, but also to show students how these sounds combine and interact with each other. Pronunciation is the basic characteristic of the speech, the basis for the development and improvement of all other foreign language skills of speaking, as a violation of phonemic speech correct, incorrect intonation design it leads to a communicative speaking errors.