Working with the dictionary of business vocabulary in teaching English

Working with the dictionary of business vocabulary in teaching English

Baltabekova A.N.

4^thcourse student of profession 5B011900"Foreign language: two foreign languages"

Scientific researcher: Baydalina ZH.ZH

Senior teacher

One of the key elements of teaching English at schools is vocabulary. It takes a special place in enriching vocabulary of pupils. The basic principle of the organization of vocabulary is to learn the lexical material of the learner, to learn how to use them in speaking and speaking.

It is important to know the principles of organization of word work. They are selected based on words, frequency, situation-thematic, to learn. The main purpose of the organization of vocabulary is to actively learn the lexical material of the learner and to be able to use it in different languages, the student should use that word in any grammatical form. For example: read, read, read, read, etc. p. In the example they are presented in different grammatical form.

Of course, vocabulary does not take a special lesson. It takes place in every one of our lessons. In addition, the vocabulary is not limited to the explanation of the notion of explicit words in the text. The following are the objectives of the student's vocabulary: 1. To teach a new word to a pupil in each lesson, develop a vocabulary of a student. 2. Teach the student to listen to the word. 3. A student should be able to compose a phrase with two or three words in his words. This is needed to teach speech and communication. 4. Must speak English fluently.

Typical use of neologisms for business language, special lexical special terms in business relations (for business translation - economic terminology) and abbreviations. The following vocabulary can be classified as neologisms. First, neologisms are used to represent a new (previously unknown) object or phenomenon, or words or phrases, or a new concept, and commonly used in literary language. Secondly, neologisms contain words and words that have not yet been recognized in the general literary language.

The emergence of neologisms, for example, in the press, as well as in other languages, is the result of various changes in the life of society in politics, economy and culture. There are two categories of neologisms: new words and new values ​​emerging in the "old" lexical units. While the business world is developing dynamically, neologisms originally appear in business speech. In this regard, it creates certain difficulties for translators. These words and phrases are often not found in Russian-English dictionaries and even in new explanatory dictionaries because any dictionary does not have new words and meanings for at least several years in the registration.

The emergence of neologisms in the dictionaries is temporarily suspended, temporarily. Many neologisms, such as many newspapers, paperwork, and many creative words and phrases, are used to describe a particular situation quickly and unexpectedly. Thus, the particularity of neologisms is their random character, that is, their use does not coincide with the standard application.

For example, a relatively recent lexical unit was introduced as a service sector in the Russian language as a lifestyle. Although this combination has been in use for many years, it is relatively new to the teacher. How should this be translated into English? For this, we first need to understand what a combination of life-style is.

This is not just a place for public services. So, for example, the following versions are available: a house of public services, public service establishment, consumer service, communal service, etc. The presence of a number of optimal solutions suggests that the phrase still maintains a random character and is still unabated. Good offices is a neologism, with a new word structure (at-your-service agency), a home, a board house, a home bank, an internet bank, and a dictionary of the Kazakh language.

It is also used to translate from a foreign language to your native language. For example, in English only recently have many neologisms with the following elements: live-in, eat-in, love-in, lock-in, camp-in, mail-in, sit-in, teach-in, pray-in, talk-in; in-crowd, in-depth, in-company, in-cap, in-jargon, in-language, in-thing, in-word; с префиксами mini- и maxi-: minimarket, miniboom, minicomputer, minicruise, minidose, minisurvey, maxicoat, maxidress, maxilength, maxi-shorts, maxi-order, maxi-taxi etc. Dictionaries do not find many words because they are much faster than the updated dictionaries. Neologisms are widely presented in press. For example, in articles:

1. Common sense versus mistakes of the reformers// MOSCOW NEWS No. 8, February 18, 1993.

…First, money has again begun to work, thanks to liberalization of prices (баға либерализациясы) even if ineffectively, in a country which all but returned to the "stone age", an age of total natural exchange.

…Third, and probably most important, is the fact that human mentality has begun to change drastically; people's attitude is changing at all levels. In particular, the socially most active and influential part of our society, the managers of major enterprises (жетекші кәсіпорындардың басшылары), seem to have been acquiring a taste for market, for independence.

…I am convinced that it is such, incompatible with common sense mistakes of the "perestroika" times as the anti-alcohol campaign, the struggle against what was known as unearned income, the sharp reduction of consumer and not investment import (Жедел тұтынуды азайту және инвестицияланбаған импорт) after the drop of world oil prices (әлемдік мұнай бағасының құлдырауы) in 1986, the impermissible delay in withdrawing from the war in Afghanistan and, lastly, the limitless inflation (шексіз инфляция) financing of all thinkable and unthinkable budgetary requirements (бюджеттік талаптар) by abusing the printing press, which began after 1987, that caused the collapse of the Soviet economy, disintegration of the Soviet Union, and, as a consequence, the countless troubles and suffering of our people.

…It is sad to realize that the new generation of reformers have also been unable tc discard our traditional mentality. Yes, liberalization of prices is certainly necessary, as was also necessary the elimination of a vast heap of "empty", unsupported money (қамтамасыз етілмеген ақша массасы) which both the population and enterprises had accumulated.

…This money destroyed every semblance of a normal market, of normal commodity turnover (товарайналымы). But people have not forgotten and will not forget that, before prices were liberated, they were promised compensation of their savings (жинақ төлемдері)which had lost more than 95 percent of their value in less then a year.

…But they were not granted any compensation of their savings, while their earnings remained Unchanged for many months, or was artificially postponed (жасанды шектетілген), or even was not paid.

…The consequences of the cardinal mistakes of the reformers team will tell for a long time both on the general climate of market reforms in the country and on our investment possibilities (инвестициялық мүмкіндіктер), on the development of our banking and financial system and on incentives to work and to accumulation.

…Another cardinal mistake of the reformers' team, testifying to the inva-lidity of purely theoretical constructs in our conditions are naive notions about the probable behaviour of our manufacturers (өнеркәсіпшілер, кәсіпкерлер), more precisely, managers of enterprises in conditions of free prices (еркін бағалар жағдайында). Yes, according to textbooks on economics they should have hiked up to the skies prices of their goods arid then run into limited solvent demand, then promptly cut down prices, while reorganizing their production.

…Only the threat of real bankruptcy (банкрот) can make managers believe at last that times have changed irreversibly.

…Managers did hoist prices, thus taking one another by the throat, the result being a total non-payment crisis. The state finally bought everything they had produced, including things useful and useless, and refunded their mutual non-payments (төлемеу, төлемеушілік). Our reformers are guilty of and suffer from not sensing in time this, probably the greatest threat to reforms. But they could have sensed this beforehand and taken necessary measures by consulting not theories but plain common sense (жалпы парасатты мағына).

…Another cardinal mistake was ignoring the possibilities of the private sector (жеке меншік), of private enterprise (жеке кәсіпкерлік, бизнес).

…It is obvious, incidentally that the position of our entrepreneurs, espe-cially those engaged not only in trade and mediation but also in serious in¬vestment projects (жобалар), is today even worse than a year and a "half ago, "under the old regime".

…The stubborn total dominance of a permissive, not registration principle of organizing a new business, the closely connected scope of both state and ordinary criminal racket, the prohibitive level of taxation(салық салу деңгейі) and the absence of any serious encouraging benefits (кіріс, табыс), the impossibility of obtaining credit anywhere, all this paralizes genuine enterprising forces, pushing out the most active and enterprising part of the population to petty trade (шағын сауда), or, still worse, into various kinds of criminal business.

…The level of taxation of new production investments has become the talk of the town what with the almost complete paralysis of investment activity (инвестициялық қызметтің сальдосы) in the country.

…How can one explain why we are today practically the only one of the world's 170 countries which purposely pursues a policy of not encouraging and boosting its export (above all highly processed and manufactured goods) but on the contrary, of smothering it? Or take high import tariffs (импорттың көрсеткіші) on any commodity regardless of whether the country needs it or not.

…Nor should we forget the currently incredibly low exchange rate (төмен айырбас курсы) of the rouble.

…And what about the arrest of practically all of our holders of foreign cur-rency (шетел валютасын ұстанушылар)? But the government complains and threatens that it will prosecute those who do not believe it and prefer to keep their money abroad.

2. Russian Los Alamos: reduced to poverty?//MOSCOW NEWS No. 8, February 18, 1993.

…How is there going to be monitoring (мониторинг) of compliance with the Law and implementation of the conversion programmes if there's no one in the government who is specially responsible with the problems?

…The defence industry will survive and become even stronger if we adopt a sound concept for its re-orientation. "Physical" conversion («физическалық» когверсия) — in which, for example, a world-famous maker of aerospace products was urged to switch to production of kitchen furniture, has compromised itself. In fact, it can be a solution in only a few branches of the defence industry.

…However, some people arc worried that the money earned this way will cud up not in conversion projects (конверсионды жобалар) but rаther be invested in the development of military production to ensure its competitiveness, which will give us, in a couple of years, another monster eating up the country's budget.

…However, they aren't lost to Rus: I'm afraid the second wave may abroad. It took the government most one year to realize that conversion can't be synonymous with the break-up of the MIC and to include conversion among its current priorities. But this remains only a declared intention (ниет туралы декларация)….

The economic terminology in the business language has a special place as it is a professional vocabulary.

Glossary is the key to language development, the student's ability to learn new words, to define the meaning of a previously unknown or incomprehensible word.

      Such work teaches students to develop their thinking, to be able to speak fluently and to improve their logical thinking by expanding their vocabulary with new concepts. It is impossible to achieve the goal until the dictionary work is done correctly in reading lessons. That is why vocabulary should take place throughout the classroom.

Reference

1. Flower J., Martinez R. "American Business Vocabulary". Hove: Language Teaching Publications, 1995. - P. 96.

2. Gowers E. "The Complete Plain Words". London, 1968.

3. Greener M. "The Penguin Business Dictionary". -Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 1994. P. 470.

4. Hoffman L. "Seven Roads to LSP". Berlin: Fachsprache, 1986.

5. Hollett V., Carter R., Lyon L., Tanner E. "In at the Deep End. Speaking Activities for Professional People". Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989.

6. Hornby A.S. "Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary of Current English". Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1977. - P. 1041.