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Language policy in Independent Kazakhstan

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• “ We will make every effort to develop the Kazakh language, which is the main factor in strengthening all Kazakhstanis. At the same time, favorable conditions provided by all residents of the country, to speak freely, to study in their native language, to use it, ” Language policy in Kazakhstan is a system of measures in the field of the language situation in Kazakhstan, carried out by the authorities and public institutions of the country. The concept of language policy in Kazakhstan defines for itself the main difficulty in "creating an optimal language space of the state", which requires "a clear definition of the functional relationship of languages, in which the state language should take its rightful place" - NAZARBAYEV

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Legal framework In 1989, the law "On languages in the Kazakh SSR" was adopted, which determined the status of the Kazakh and Russian languages. It, in particular, said that "the state language of the Kazakh SSR is the Kazakh language", and the Russian language is "the language of interethnic communication". According to the 1995 constitution of Kazakhstan, the only state language is Kazakh. However, despite this, the constitution also protects the rights of specifically Russian-speakers. In 2007, another resolution of the Constitutional Council clarified that "the Basic Law provides for the supremacy of the status of the state language," while recognizing the right to appeal to state bodies in Russian. In 2001, the State Program for the Functioning and Development of Languages for 2001—2010 was approved, clause 5.1.1. which stipulates that "State bodies need to carry out work on a phased transition until 2010 of office work, keeping accounting, statistical, financial and technical documentation in the state language and, subject to the provisions of paragraph 2 of Article 7 of the Constitution, to implement it."

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In the 2007 Kazakhstan elections, the largest representation of Russian-speaking candidates was in the CPPK (Communist People's Party of Kazakhstan) - 35%, NSDP (National Social Democratic Party) - 18.5% and the ruling Nur-Otan party - 17.46%. On the issue of the status of the Russian language, the CPPK calls for the preservation of the previous status of the Russian language, while the NSDP advocates the creation of conditions for the full use of the Russian language, which, according to the party, "played an undoubted role in creating an atmosphere of interethnic harmony.“Political parties  Under Kazakh law, the creation of political parties on a national and confessional basis is prohibited.

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• In 2007, Kazakhstan adopted at the state level the "cultural project" Trinity of languages "- Kazakh, Russian and English. However, this idea had both supporters and opponents. • The chairman of the Russian community of Kazakhstan said that “... we can take on the issue of learning the Kazakh language by Russian youth.” • Dean of the Faculty of Philology of the Kazakh National University, Kanseit Abdezuly, assessed this project as one of the main priorities of state policy. • Director of the Center for the Study of Central Asia and Kazakhstan of Indiana University (USA) William Fierman on May 15, 2008 at the international scientific and theoretical conference "Polylingualism: language - consciousness - culture" that opened in Almaty, assessed the idea as correct, but stressed that for the Kazakh language, the problem is that, as a state language, there is a low demand for it.Trinity of languages

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The use of languages in education Preschool education • The number of preschool organizations with instruction in the Kazakh language by 2000 did not exceed 25% (1,158) of the total number of similar organizations in the country as a whole (1.5 million in Russian (45%), 80 thousand in Uzbek (2.3 %), 23 thousand - in Uyghur (0.6%), 2.5 thousand - in Tajik (0.07%) and more than a thousand - in other languages) • The number of students in departments with Kazakh language of instruction was about 32% (85,300) by 2000 (the number of students in Russian departments - about 68% (181,000) • At the beginning of the 2015/2016 academic year in the Republic of Kazakhstan, the total number of students is 459,369 people, the share of students studying in the Kazakh language is 62.7%, in Russian - 34.3% and in English - 3.0%.• In the 2013/2014 academic year - out of 2.5 million students in the republic's schools, 1.7 million studied in the Kazakh language, 808.6 thousand - in Russian, 98.3 in other languages. According to data published in 2009, out of 2.546 million students of budget schools, 1.543 million (60.6%) studied in Kazakh • The number of schools with the Kazakh language of instruction is gradually growing. The number of schools in Kazakh was 3809 (50.2%); the number of Russian schools was 1405 (19.5%) Secondary education Higher education

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