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Essay Writing Basics

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Writing a simple essay

An essay is a piece of writing from a personal point of view that methodically examines and evaluates a topic or issue. Fact (as opposed to fiction), short (in comparison to a story book, at least) and subjective, an essay describes, clarifies and analyses a subject, typically with an academic agenda.

The word itself stems from the French essayer, meaning ‘to try’ or ‘to attempt’. The first author to describe his work in such terms was the Frenchman, Michel de Montaigne (1533-1592), one of the most significant philosophers of the French Renaissance. His seminal work, Essais (1580) – translated literally as ‘Attempts’ or ‘Trials’ – contains some of the most influential essays ever written, balancing intellectual knowledge and personal storytelling. Indeed, even though some records credit British philosopher Francis Bacon with inventing the essay form, his own work, Essays (1597), is now known to be influenced by Montaigne directly.

https://www.oxbridgeessays.com/blog/what-even-is-an-essay/

An essay consists of paragraphs written about a single topic and a central main idea. It must have at least three paragraphs, but a five paragraph essay is a common length for academic writing.



An essay structure

EXERCISE 1

Label the three parts of this essay: introduction, main body paragraphs, and conclusion.

Enjoying Your Camping Trip

Each year, thousands of people throughout the United States choose to spend their vacations camping in the great outdoors. Depending on an individual's sense of adventure, there are various types of camping to choose from, including log cabin camping, recreational vehicle camping, and tent camping. Of these, tent camping involves "roughing it" the most, and with proper planning the experience can be gratifying. Even with the best planning, however, tent camping can be an extremely frustrating experience due to uncontrolled factors such as bad weather, wildlife encounters, and equipment failures.

Nothing can dampen the excited anticipation of camping more than a dark, rainy day. Even the most adventurous campers can lose some of their enthusiasm on the drive to the campsite if the skies are dreary and damp. After reaching their destination, campers must then "set up camp" in the downpour. This includes keeping the inside of the tent dry and free from mud, getting the sleeping bags situated dryly, and protecting food from the downpour. If the sleeping bags happen to get wet, the cold also becomes a major factor. A sleeping bag usually provides warmth on a camping trip; a wet sleeping bag provides none. Combining wind with rain can cause frigid temperatures, causing any outside activities to be delayed. Even inside the tent problems may arise due to heavy winds. More than a few campers have had their tents blown down because of the wind, which once again begins the frustrating task of "setting up camp" in the downpour. It is wise to check the weather forecast before embarking on camping trips; however, mother nature is often unpredictable and there is no guarantee bad weather will be eluded.

Another problem likely to be faced during a camping trip is run-ins with wildlife, which can range from mildly annoying to dangerous. Minor inconveniences include mosquitoes and ants. The swarming of mosquitoes can literally drive annoyed campers indoors. If an effective repellant is not used, the camper can spend an interminable night scratching, which will only worsen the itch. Ants do not usually attack campers, but keeping them out of the food can be quite an inconvenience. Extreme care must be taken not to leave food out before or after meals. If food is stored inside the tent, the tent must never be left open. In addition to swarming the food, ants inside a tent can crawl into sleeping bags and clothing. Although these insects cause minor discomfort, some wildlife encounters are potentially dangerous. There are many poisonous snakes in the United States, such as the water moccasin and the diamond-back rattlesnake. When hiking in the woods, the camper must be careful where he steps. Also, the tent must never be left open. Snakes, searching for either shade from the sun or shelter from the rain, can enter a tent. An encounter between an unwary camper and a surprised snake can prove to be fatal. Run-ins can range from unpleasant to dangerous, but the camper must realize that they are sometimes inevitable.

Perhaps the least serious camping troubles are equipment failures; these troubles often plague families camping for the first time. They arrive at the campsite at night and haphazardly set up their nine-person tent. They then settle down for a peaceful night's rest. Sometime during the night the family is awakened by a huge crash. The tent has fallen down. Sleepily, they awake and proceed to set up the tent in the rain. In the morning, everyone emerges from the tent, except for two. Their sleeping bag zippers have gotten caught. Finally, after fifteen minutes of struggling, they free themselves, only to realize another problem. Each family member's sleeping bag has been touching the sides of the tent. A tent is only waterproof if the sides are not touched. The sleeping bags and clothing are all drenched. Totally disillusioned with the "vacation," the frustrated family packs up immediately and drives home. Equipment failures may not seem very serious, but after campers encounter bad weather and annoying pests or wild animals, these failures can end any remaining hope for a peaceful vacation.

These three types of camping troubles can strike campers almost anywhere. Until some brilliant scientist invents a weather machine to control bad weather or a kind of wildlife repellant, unlucky campers will continue to shake their fists in frustration. More than likely, equipment will continue to malfunction. Even so, camping continues to be a favorite pastime of people all across the United States. If you want camping to be a happy experience for you, learn to laugh at leaky tents, bad weather, and bugs, or you will find yourself frustrated and unhappy.



Thesis statement

The thesis statement is the sentence that tells the main idea of the whole essay. It can be compared to a topic sentence, which gives the main idea of a paragraph. It usually comes at or near the end of the introductory paragraph.

  • A thesis statement gives the author’s opinion or states an important idea about the topic. It should give an idea that can be discussed and explained with supporting ideas.

  • A thesis statement should not be a sentence that only gives a fact about the topic.

  • A thesis statement should not state two sides of an argument equally.



EXERCISE 2

Read these thesis statements below. Write √ (strong thesis statement), F (fact only - a weak thesis statement), or N (no clear opinion – a weak thesis statement).

  1. .. The top government official in my country is the prime minister.

  2. .. Some people prefer digital cameras, while others like traditional cameras.

  3. .. India became an independent country in 1947.

  4. .. To be a successful student, good study habits are more important than intelligence.

  5. .. There are several advantages of owning a car, but there are also many disadvantages.

  6. .. Half of the families in my country own a house.

  7. .. Using public transport would be one of the best ways to solve the traffic and pollution problems in cities around the world.

  8. .. While travelling, staying in a hotel offers more comfort, but sleeping in a tent is less expensive.

  9. .. Classical music concerts are very popular in my country.

  10. .. In order to create a successful advertisement, it is necessary to consider three issues: who should be targeted, where the advert should be placed, and what type of advert should be made.



Introductions and conclusions

Without an introduction and a conclusion, an essay is just a group of paragraphs. The introduction and conclusion work together to make the topic and main ideas of the essay clear to the reader.

The first paragraph of an essay is called the introduction.

The introduction…

  • Is usually five to ten sentences.

  • Catches the reader’s interest.

  • Gives the general topic of the essay.

  • Gives background information about the topic.

  • States the main point (thesis statement) of the essay.



The introduction is often organized by giving the most general ideas first and the leading to the most specific idea, which is a thesis statement.











Reference



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