Ғылым жоба Fast food 7 сынып

Secondary school Y.Altynsarin

Project Work on the Topic:

“Fast Food: to Eat or not to Eat?”

The authors: 7^th form Saitkyzy Aitygan

The teacher: Ergalieva.A.M

Taskala, 2021

The main aim of this research work is to investigate all the pros and cons of fast food.

Hypothesis: fast food is so popular all over the world so it can’t be harmful for people. If it's true?

The tasks are to get and analyze information about history of fast food and popular fast food restaurants, to determine pros and cons of fast food, to find out why fast food is so popular.

Object: Fast food.

Subject: Its influence of man’s health.

Methods of research: - studying information

- analysis

The history

Most people think the McDonald brothers of California started the fast-food craze in America, but in reality, it was the White Castle hamburger chain that actually started fast food history in America. J. Walter Anderson opened the first White Castle in 1916 in Wichita, Kansas, and people liked the cheap hamburgers, fries, and colas he offered. However, fast-food really didn't become common in America until after World War II, when Americans first began to fall in love with their cars, and had leisure time and more money to spend on eating out.

The real heroes of fast food history in America are Richard and Maurice McDonald, the two brothers who created the first McDonald's restaurant in 1948 in San Bernardino, California. They wanted their restaurant to be more efficient and cost-effective, so they designed a simple menu in a small building without any tables, so people took their food and ate in their cars. By 1953, the brothers had decided to franchise their idea, and two franchises opened in Downey, California and Phoenix, Arizona.

As the McDonald's became more successful, others began to take notice and copy their example to make their own fast food history in America. Keith Cramer started an operation in Florida that would turn into Burger King, and Ray Kroc, a blender salesman, was so impressed with McDonald's that he asked the brothers if he could sell their franchises. He opened his own McDonald's in Des Plaines, Illinois in 1954, and eventually he bought out the brothers and became the owner of the corporation. Kroc was the driving force behind the food chain's fantastic growth throughout America in the late 50s and early 60s. Wendy's was created by Dave Thomas in Columbus, Ohio, where the first restaurant opened in 1962.

As fast food caught on, and more people decided they liked dining in their cars; more fast food shops sprang up around the country. Jack-in-the-Box began in San Diego, California in 1951, and by 1960 it had spread out of California into other areas. Troy Smith opened the first SONIC Drive-In in 1954 in Shawnee, Oklahoma, Dunkin' Donuts first opened in Quincy, Massachusetts in 1950, and the first Taco Bell opened in 1962 in Downey, California. All of these operations based their business at least loosely on the McDonald's operation and then modified it to work with their specialty foods.

Today, fast food chains have spread all around the world, and have spread American culture right along with them. There are many more popular chains, like Carl's Jr., Arby's, Domino's and Dairy Queen, indicating that fast food isn't always about hamburgers. In fact, pizza, Chinese food, and just about any type of food imaginable are now available for take-out at fast-food chains across the globe. Fast food history in America is really the foundation of fast food as we know it today, and that history has made millionaires out of many of the people who first stated the fast food concept.

2. Representatives of fast food

2.1 Pop corn

Popcorn, also known as popping corn, is a type of corn that expands from the kernel and puffs up when heated. Popcorn is able to pop because, like amaranth grain, sorghum, quinoa, and millet, its kernels have a hard moisture-sealed hull and a dense starchyinterior. Pressure builds inside the kernel, and a small explosion (or "pop") is the end result. Some strains of corn are now cultivated specifically as popping corns. There are various techniques for popping corn. Along with prepackaged popcorn, which is generally intended to be prepared in a microwave oven, there are small home appliances for popping corn. These methods require the use of minimally processed popping corn. A larger-scale, commercial popcorn machine was invented by Charles Cretors in the late 19th century. Unpopped popcorn is considered nonperishable and will last indefinitely if stored in ideal conditions. Depending on how it is prepared and cooked, some consider popcorn to be a health food, while others caution against it for a variety of reasons. Popcorn can also have non-food applications, ranging from holiday decorations to packaging materials.

2.2. Hamburger

A hamburger (also called a beef burger, hamburger sandwich, burger or hamburg) is a sandwich consisting of one or more cooked patties ofground meat (usually beef) usually placed inside a sliced hamburger bun. Hamburgers are often served with lettuce, bacon, tomato, onion, pickles, cheese and condiments such as mustard, mayonnaise, ketchup and relish.

2.3. Coca-Cola

Coca-Cola is a carbonated soft drink sold in stores, restaurants, and vending machines throughout the world. It is produced by The Coca-Cola Company of Atlanta, Georgia, and is often referred to simply as Coke (a registered trademark of The Coca-Cola Company in the United States since March 27, 1944). Originally intended as a patent medicine when it was invented in the late 19th century by John Pemberton, Coca-Cola was bought out by businessman Asa Griggs Candler, whose marketing tactics led Coke to its dominance of the world soft-drink market throughout the 20th century

3. Fast food restaurants.

Today you can find fast food restaurants in different countries. But which restaurant was the first? 
In 1937 the McDonald brothers, Dick and Mark, opened little restaurant in California. They served hot dogs and mils shakes. In 1945 they have 20 waiters. All the teenagers in town ate hamburgers there. When the 1948 year came they got paper boxes and bags for the hamburgers. They put the price down from 30 to 15 cents. There were no more waiters – it was self- service. So it was cheaper and faster.
In 1960s the McDonalds company opened hundreds of McDonald’s restaurants all over the States. In 1971 they opened restaurants in Japan, Germany and Australia.
Now the McDonald’s company opens a new restaurant every 8 hours. There are more than 14000 restaurants in over 70 countries.

Som e world famous fast food restaurants are:
Burger restaurants: McDonalds, Burger King, Wendy's, In and Out Burger
Soup and sandwich shops: Panera Bread, Au Bon Pain, Subway
Southern cooking: KFC, Long John SilversT, Popeye's
Coffee shops: Dunkin' Donuts, Starbucks
Mexican chains: Taco Bell, Chipotle, Qdoba
Chinese and Asian restaurants: Panda Express
Pizzerias: Dominos, Papa Johns, Sbarro, Pizza Hut

3.1 The reasons of popularity.
1. Fast food restaurants are popular because they propose breakfast, lunch and dinner meals that don't cost a lot of money. 
2. It’s easy to find. You can find these restaurants on many street corners and in shopping centers. Families stop at Pizza hut on the way home from a day trip. Teenagers meet at McDonalds for a burger at lunchtime. Busy office workers buy tasty sandwiches at Subway. 
3. Fast food is easy to eat. You can even eat a burger while you are driving. Try to do that with a bowl of spaghetti.
4. Fast food looks nice and tasty. It is made of food of bright colours: red tomatoes, green salad, yellow buns, brown steaks, white onion.

4. Impact of fast food on human health

Cooking fast food mainly involves the use of cooking methods that allow the chef or cook to finish the cooking process in the shortest possible time. Advances in the field of food processing industry to reduce costs and improve the taste of food. In this way fast food is the choice of a large number of people around the world

Health problems caused by fast food include obesity , diabetes and hypertension. Many of us tend to often eat such foods that are high in fat and calories. This food is not enough large amount of fiber and it hard to digest. Body is unable to digest a heavy meal , which leads to the deposition of fat in the tissues. In the documentary " Super Size Me ," Morgan Spurlock filmed protagonist within 30 days of eating only fast food, including on the experimental conditions , at least once a day , he had to eat food from «McDonald's». After the end of the experiment , an independent medical facility recorded adverse health hero: weight gain of 12 kg , obesity , increased blood sugar , abdominal pain , mood swings, impotence , etc. According to the authors transfer , to eliminate these effects would need $ 50,000 on a semiannual course of intensive treatment .

We made a survey of different sources of information and want to present the results.

First about some cons.

1. Fistly, many fast food meals such as hot dogs, hamburgers, French fries, muffins, Coke contain high fat, sodium, sugar and carbohydrates, resulting in high-calorie intake.

A large-fry side dish at KFC's contains 560 calories and 27 grams of fat , and 540 calories, 27 grams of fat at Burger King.

The calorie intake for a mere side dish would cause anyone to raise a brow at feeding it to students on a daily basis.

2. Secondly, while many fast-food chains have added a "light" menu as well as vegetarian items.

Some chains have tried to incorporate salads and yogurts into their menu that still come up at just under 300 calories.

Students who have access to fast food during the day are more likely to eat high-fat foods and sugar-sweetened drinks.

And there are also some pros.

1. On the other hand, sugar is not always bad for our health. Glucose is a form of sugar carried in the bloodstream that fuels the brain and stimulates energy. Brain cells require two times more energy than the other cells in the human body, making the consumption of blood sugars from carbohydrates an important part of a healthy diet.

2. Moreover, Almost every fast food restaurant has some healthy options on the menu.
Fast food options such as sushi offer a low-calorie, low-carb alternative and are complete with heart healthy omega-3 fatty acids. Other options, such as Subway, offer low-calorie options such as roasted chicken breast salad coming in at only 137 calories.

3.Futhermore, fast food refers to food that is prepared quickly. Between classes, homework and extra-curricular activities, kids don't always have time to sit down for three full meals.

3.Besides, eating fast food can save a lot of money for large families, students. So price is one of the primary reasons for many people.

Part II. Practical part.

1.Research

1. Survey on the popularity of "Fast - food" among children and teenagers.

The survey involved 20 teenagers aged 12 - 14 years of our school .

The survey aims : identify the level of knowledge among adolescents 12-14 years about the dangers of fast food, about healthy food. The survey was conducted on the basis of written questions and answers that received each survey participant personally. So we made a test:

TEST

1. Do you regularly eat? Yes / no

2 . Do you eat in school cafeteria ?Yes / no

3 . Does your mum has enough time to cook lunch and dinner ?Yes / no

4 . Do you eat crisps? Yes / No / Rarely

5 . Do you like to eat hamburgers, hot dogs, sandwiches ?Yes / no

6. Which food is a "healthy food" ?Select or offer their own.(porridge, sandwich, Fanta, Pepsi, apples, pears , oranges, vegetables, salad, soup, fresh juice, Big Mac).

7. What does it mean for you junk / unhealthy food ?(list name products or dishes)

8. What measures should be taken to prevent children ate garbage / junk food?(offer ).

9. What food should eat children (teenagers ) to grow up healthy ?(list ).

10 . You are ready to change your eating habits to stay healthy ?Yes / No / Do not know.

Conclusion

And the conclusion we can make is that not all children become obese by eating fast food. The major causes of childhood obesity are overeating, lack of exercise, family history, stress eating, and socio-economics.

Practical use of the results of the research.

The results of the research made show that

there must be freedom of choice and no stepping on human rights , for some.

Future perspectives of the research work

It is important for parents and grown-ups to know that these are they

who should teach their children how to make choices. Learning to distinguish between a healthy snack and an unhealthy one is part of the education process.

I. Reference Materials:

1.“Fast Foods in Schools”

By Rebekah Richards, eHow Contributor

2. “Pros & Cons of Fast Foods in School”

By Minot Pettinato, eHow Contributor

3. “Types of Food That Stimulate the Brain”

By Stacy Taylor, eHow Contributor

4. How to Persuade Parents to Buy Fast Food

By an eHow Contributor

5. “Advantages of Fast Foods”

By Valerie Tandoi, eHow Contributor

6.”What Are the Causes of Fast Food's Popularity?”

By Allison Edrington, eHow Contributor

http://www.ehow.com/facts_5476756_advantages-fast-foods.html#ixzz2HtAhtcOg

http://www.ehow.com/how_2248975_persuade-parents-buy-fast-food.html#ixzz2Ht8sn1uS

http://www.ehow.com/info_7868342_fast-foods-schools.html#ixzz2Ht52KFHa

http://www.ehow.com/info_7950020_fast-foods-kids.html

http://www.ehow.com/info_7970852_pros-cons-fast-foods-school.html

http://www.ehow.com/facts_5476756_advantages-fast-foods.html#ixzz2HtA1SpwR

http://www.ehow.com/info_8368847_causes-fast-foods-popularity.html#ixzz2HtBdLcjg

Appendixes

1. Illustrations (Pictures)

II. Diagram 1. Fast Food Chains

III. Diagram 2. Cons of Fast Food.