Ахмет Йассауи

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« December 16- Independence day of the Republic of Kazakhstan »

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The Republic of Kazakhstan is the main national holiday of the Republic National Independence Day , which is celebrate annually on December 16. Selecting a date of celebration was not random , in 1991 this day the Supreme Soviet adopted a law on the independence of the Republic of Kazakhstan and State Sovereignty . Exactly one year later by President Nursultan Nazarbaev signed a decree on the state sovereignty of Kazakhstan , and then passed a law on the independence of the Republic of Kazakhstan and State Sovereigntly.

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Qairat Nogaibaevich Rysqulbekov 13 March 1966 – 21 May 1988) was a participant in the Jeltoqsan riot of 1986 that took place in Almaty, Kazakhstan. He later died in mysterious circumstances while held by the authorities. He was posthumously awarded the title Hero of Kazakhstan after independence. Rysqulbekov was born the sixth child to a large Kazakh family who lived and worked at the Kokterek collective farm in the Moiynkum District. Before the Jeltoqsan riots, he studied at a boarding school in Novotroitsk where he wrote for a student newspaper and was the leader of a Komsomol group. In addition to becoming a Komsomol secretary, he was active in sports. He graduated from high school in 1983 before applying to the Alma-Ata Architecture and Construction Academy, which he did not immediately attend. He briefly worked herding cattle before entering the military in 1984 and serving for two years, leaving while holding the rank of sergeant in August 1986.

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On 23 April 1988, his sentence was reduced to 20 years in prison, and he was eventually incarcerated at Semipalatinsk prison.   Not long into his sentence on 21 May 1988, Rysqulbekov was found dead in his prison cell. The official cause of death at the time was determined to be suicide by hanging, but questions remained about the circumstances of his death.   Rysqulbekov's cellmate, Leonid Vlasenko, allegedly confessed  to murdering Rysqulbekov on the orders of the Ministry of Internal Affairs via a letter to the newspaper Irtysh, but there are no records of the letter and the newspaper later denied ever receiving such a letter. Rysqulbekov was buried in Semey. His family was not allowed to bury him in his birthplace of Birlik. On 21 February 1992, Rysqulbekov was posthumously rehabilitated and on 9 December 1996 he was declared a Hero of Kazakhstan by decree of Nursultan Nazarbayev

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Sabira Mukhametzhanova - one of the student of December riots 1986 Almaty. The Jeltoqsan or "December" of 1986 were riots that took place in Alma-Ata Kazakhstan, in response to General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev's dismissal of Dinmukhamed Kunaev, the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan and an ethnic Kazakh, and his appointment of Gennady Kolbin, an outsider from the Russian SFSR. Some sources cite Kolbin's ethnicity as Russian, others as Chuvash. The events lasted from 16 December until 19 December 1986. The protests began in the morning of 17 December, as a student demonstrationattracted thousands of participants as they marched through Brezhnev Square across to the CPK Central Committee building . Estimates are of at least 30,000 to 40,000 protesters, with 5,000 arrested and jailed, and an unknown number of casualties. Jeltoqsan leaders say over 60,000 Kazakhs participated in the protests nationwide. In Karaganda, 54 students were excluded from the universities, and five students were prosecuted. 

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During the Jeltoksan events , many students and workers suffered. The Kazakh student Lazzat Asanova was among the victim. Many details surrounding the Jeltoqsan events remain locked up in the archives in Moscow and Almaty.

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