1 слайд
2 слайд
3 слайд
1845 – 1904 Abai Kunanbaev
Biography
Kazakh writer, poet, lyricist, social
philosopher. He was born on
August in Semeipalatinsk region on
the slopes of chingistau mountains,
near the source of the Kaskabulak.
Intitally, the poet was given the
name Ibrahim. The say that poet of
that name was preceded by a
prophetic dream of his father –
Kunanbaja. In a dream he saw a
great representative of the tribe
tobikti – thinker and philosopher
Annette Baba, who pronounced the
name of the Holy son Ibrahim.
4 слайд
Abay was born in what is today the selo
of Karauyl, in Abay District, East
Kazakhstan Province; the son of
Qunanbay and Uljan, Qunanbay's
second wife, they named him Ibrahim,
but because of his brightness, he soon
was given the nickname "Abay"
(meaning "careful"), a name that stuck
for the rest of his life. His father's
economic status enabled the boy to
attend a Russian school in his youth, but
only after he had already spent some
years studying at
a madrasah under Mullah Ahmet
Ryza.At his school in Semipalatinsk,
Abay encountered the writings
of Mikhail Lermontov and Alexander
Pushkin .
5 слайд
6 слайд
7 слайд
8 слайд
9 слайд
10 слайд
11 слайд
12 слайд
Abay's main contribution to Kazakh culture and folklore lies in his
poetry, which expresses great nationalism and grew out of Kazakh folk
culture. Before him, most Kazakh poetry was oral, echoing
the nomadic habits of the people of the Kazakh steppes. During Abay's
lifetime, however, a number of important socio-political and socio-
economic changes occurred. Russian influence continued to grow
in Kazakhstan, resulting in greater educational possibilities as well as
exposure to a number of different philosophies, whether
Russian, Western or Asian. Abay Qunanbayuli steeped himself in the
cultural and philosophical history of these newly opened geographies. In
this sense, Abay's creative poetry affected the philosophical thinking of
educated Kazakhs.
13 слайд
The leaders of the Alash Orda movement saw him as their inspiration
and spiritual predecessor.
Contemporary Kazakh images of Abay generally depict him in full
traditional dress holding a dombra (the Kazakh national instrument).
Today, Kazakhs revere Abay as one of the first folk heroes to enter
into the national consciousness of his people. Almaty State University
is named after Abay, so is one of the main avenues in the city of
Almaty. There are also public schools with his name .
14 слайд
Among Abay's students was his
nephew, a historian, philosopher,
and poet Shakarim
Qudayberdiuli (1858–1931).
Statues of him have been erected
in many cities of Kazakhstan, as
well as in Moscow.
A film on the life of Abay was
made by Kazakhfilm in 1995,
titled Abai . He is also the subject
of two novels and
an opera by Mukhtar Auezov,
another Kazakhstani writer.
Another film describing his
father's life was made in
December 2015, titled
"Qunanbai".
15 слайд
16 слайд
17 слайд
18 слайд
19 слайд
20 слайд
21 слайд
22 слайд
23 слайд
24 слайд
25 слайд
Abay also translated into Kazakh the works
of Russian and European authors, mostly for
the first time. Translations made by him
include poems by Mikhail
Lermontov, Johann Wolfgang von
Goethe, Lord Byron, Ivan
Krylov's Fables and Alexander
Pushkin's Eugene Onegin .
Abay's major work is The Book of
Words (Kazakh: қара сөздері , Qara
sözderi ), a philosophic treatise and collection
of poems where he encourages his fellow
Kazakhs to embrace education, literacy, and
good moral character in order to escape
poverty, enslavement and corruption.
In Word Twenty Five, he discusses the
importance of Russian culture, as a way for
Kazakhs to be exposed to the world's cultural
treasures.
26 слайд
Born into this world, an infant inherits two essential needs. The first is
for meat, drink and sleep. These are the requirements of the flesh,
without which the body cannot be the house of the soul and will not
grow in height and strength. The other is a craving for knowledge. A
baby will grasp at brightly colored objects, it will put them in its
mouth, taste them and press them against its cheek. It will start at the
sound of a pipe. Later, when a child hears the barking of a dog, the
noises of animals, the laughter or weeping of people, it gets excited and
asks about all that it sees and hears:
"What's that? What's that for? Why is he doing that?"
This is but the natural desire of the soul, the wish to see everything,
hear everything and learn everything.
Without trying to fathom the mysteries of the universe, visible and
invisible, without seeking an explanation for everything, one can never
be what one should be — a human being. Otherwise, the spiritual life
of a person will not differ from the existence of any other living
creature.
From the very beginning God separated man from beast by breathing
the soul into him. Why then, on growing up and gaining in wisdom, do
we not seek to gratify our curiosity, which in childhood made us forget
about food and sleep? Why do we not tread in the path of those who
seek knowledge?
27 слайд
There are more than two thousand million people living on earth now, they say. We, Kazakhs,
number more than two million.
The Kazakhs are unlike any other people in their desire for wealth and in their quest for
knowledge, in their appreciation of art, in showing their friendliness and strength, and in
boasting or enmity.
We fight with each other, we ruin each other and spy on each other before our neighbor has
time to blink.
The world has cities with a population above three million. There are people who have
traveled three times round the world.
Shall we, indeed, continue to live like this, lying in wait for one another, remaining the
meanest people on earth? Or shall we see happier days when people forget theft, deception,
backbiting and enmity, and turn their minds to knowledge and crafts, when they learn to
obtain their wealth in honest ways? I doubt if such days will ever come. Nowadays, two
hundred people hanker after a hundred head of livestock. Will they live in peace before they
have destroyed one another in this scramble?
28 слайд
Anyone who plans on teaching and reforming the Kazakh must possess two advantages.
First of all, he must wield great power and immense influence that would enable him to inspire
fear in adults and take away their sons to send them to school, where they would be guided
along different paths of knowledge, with the parents shouldering the expenses. It would suffice if
girls were taught Islam so as to make at least strong in their religion. In that case, when parents,
growing feeble with age, abandoned their regular pursuits, the younger generation would
embark on the right path.
Second, he must possess enormous riches, so as to bribe parents into sending their children to
school, as we have just said.
Yet no one has sufficient power to inspire fear amongst the people of today. And no one has
enough wealth to win over all parents.
It is impossible to persuade the Kazakh, convince him of something, unless you frighten or bribe
him. The ignorance inherited from his forefathers and imbibed with his mother's milk has
reached his marrow and killed all humanity in him. Such people, when they get together, can
think of nothing better to do than make strange grimaces and behave affectedly, whisper and
throw out ambiguous hints. Even if they try to think, they are incapable of concentrating on one
idea. If you talk to them, they can't even listen to you attentively; their eyes glance here and
there and their thoughts wander off.
However shall we live?
What will become of us? Word Forty-OneAnyone who plans on teaching and reforming the Kazakh must possess two advantages.
First of all, he must wield great power and immense influence that would enable him to inspire
fear in adults and take away their sons to send them to school, where they would be guided
along different paths of knowledge, with the parents shouldering the expenses. It would suffice if
girls were taught Islam so as to make at least strong in their religion. In that case, when parents,
growing feeble with age, abandoned their regular pursuits, the younger generation would
embark on the right path.
Second, he must possess enormous riches, so as to bribe parents into sending their children to
school, as we have just said.
Yet no one has sufficient power to inspire fear amongst the people of today. And no one has
enough wealth to win over all parents.
It is impossible to persuade the Kazakh, convince him of something, unless you frighten or bribe
him. The ignorance inherited from his forefathers and imbibed with his mother's milk has
reached his marrow and killed all humanity in him. Such people, when they get together, can
think of nothing better to do than make strange grimaces and behave affectedly, whisper and
throw out ambiguous hints. Even if they try to think, they are incapable of concentrating on one
idea. If you talk to them, they can't even listen to you attentively; their eyes glance here and
there and their thoughts wander off.
However shall we live?
What will become of us?
29 слайд
Writings
Abai devoted many of his works to the
violence of Kazakh labour rights e.g."Oh
my Kazakh! My poor people!". Number
of works were devoted to youth: "Our
children", "Only youth - happy flower of
life". And a real treasure is his poems
expressing his feelings and love to the
nature of his land: "Autumn", "Winter“ ,
“Fall” and etc.
As a gifted interpreter Abai gave Kazakh people to enjoy the pearls of russian
classic literature. During 15 years he translated more th a n 50 works of russian
writers like Pushkin, Lermontov, Krylov etc. Abai's literary legacy also includes a
number of ballads dedicated to eastern and western themes. Among these
fictional pieces like "Mas'ud" (1887) and "Alexander,"
30 слайд
Kunanbaev's works were influenced
by his belief in human reason. He
was attracted to Western
Enlightenment thinking and wove
criticism of Kazakh culture into his
works, most notably in his collection
of poems called Qarasozder (often
translated as the Book of Words).
Despite the fact that many years have
passed, several generations have
changed since Abai times, “Book of
Words” is actual today as never
before, it is our reference point in life.
This book includes different topics –
Kazakhstan history, love for
fatherland, culture, people's
psychology and philosophy of life .
31 слайд
In his amazing Book of Words the poet
expressed his reflections over a period of
years, his searching and discoveries,
anxiety and despair, sorrows and joy of
revelations, anger and humility. His Book
of Words is a deeply meaningful way to
truth. The poet tirelessly reminds that
humans have the greatest value in the
world, and that they should be beautiful
and harmoniously perfect. Their souls
should also be beautiful, as should their
mind, body and feelings. Understanding
of the real world and the personal
responsibility of everyone in the world –
this is what the great poet worked for his
art and life. Abai explains that the world is
eternal, united and harmonious. Discord,
anguish, even death cannot destroy the
harmony, for they are natural.
32 слайд
Word thirty-eight
Who among us have not known trouble? Only the weak
lose hope.
Nothing in this world is immutable, and misfortune
cannot last for ever.
Does not the bountiful and blossoming spring follow
the harsh winter? While you are seeking happiness, everybody wishes you
well;
But once you have attained it, your only well-wisher is
yourself
33 слайд
If you wish to be counted among the
intelligent, then ask yourself once a
day,
once a week, or at least once a month:
“How do I live?” Have I done anything
to improve my learning, my worldly life
or my life hereafter? Will I have
to swallow the bitter dregs of regret
later on? Word Fifteen
34 слайд
Word Nineteen
A child is not born a
reasonable being. It is only
by listening and watching,
examining everything by
touching and tasting, that
it learns what is good and
what is bad. The more a
child sees and hears, the
more it knows.
35 слайд
Word Four
Only the weak in spirit will withdraw into themselves
abandon themselves to bitter thoughts, without finding
the least consolation
If you want to be rich, learn a trade. Wealth diminishes with
time,
but a skill does not.Word Thirty three
36 слайд
The great poet of the steppe, not understood by his own people, remained alone,
face to face with God. All his powers were dedicated to the enlightenment of his
people, but the people only appreciated the enchanting melodies of his songs,
and did not comprehend the deep essence of his thoughts, did not follow his wise
advice.
That was the beginning and the end of the tragedy of Abai. He is buried near his
wintering in Zhidebai valley, not far from Chingiz mountains.
37 слайд
He is beautiful and great in his eternal
yearning for the truth
Goethe
38 слайд
Сіз үшін 400 000 ұстаздардың еңбегі мен тәжірибесін біріктіріп, ең үлкен материалдар базасын жасадық. Төменде пәніңізді белгілеп, керек материалды алып сабағыңызға қолдана аласыз