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SOLUTIONS SOLUBILITY

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Plan of the lesson: You will Terminology STQ New topic Learning check

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You will: ● classify the substances according to the degree of solubility; ● learn about solutions and their importance; ● determine the composition of salt solutions by using evaporation method; ● know and determine saturated solutions.

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Терминология Русский Казахский Английский Растворы Ерітінді Растворитель Еріткіш Растворимое вещество Ерігіш зат Растворимый Еритін Растворение Еру Ненасыщенный Қанықпаған Насыщенный Қаныққан Пересыщенный Аса қаныққан малорастворимое вещество аз еритін зат нерастворимое вещество ерімейтін зат растворимое вещество еритін зат

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Терминология Русский Казахский Английский Растворы Ерітінді Solution Растворитель Еріткіш Solvent Растворимое вещество Ерігіш зат Solute Растворимый Еритін Soluble Растворение Еру Dissolution Ненасыщенный Қанықпаған Desaturated Насыщенный Қаныққан Saturated Пересыщенный Аса қаныққан Supersaturated малорастворимое вещество аз еритін зат slightly soluble substance нерастворимое вещество ерімейтін зат insoluble substance растворимое вещество еритін зат soluble substance

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SOLUTION solubilit y solutes o lu b le s lig h tly s o lu b le insoluble s o lv e n t saturated u n sa t u ra t e d

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Why is sea water salty? Why is sugar more soluble in water than salt?

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Some substances dissolve in water e.g. salt white solid colourless solution

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Some substances dissolve in water e.g. copper sulfate coloured solid coloured solution

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Some substances dissolve in water e.g. nickel sulfate coloured solid coloured solution

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SOLUBLE Dissolves (e.g. salt in water) INSOLUBLE Does not dissolve (e.g. sand in water)

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Is each substance SOLUBLE or INSOLUBLE in water? sugar flour gloss paint sand glass salt

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When a substance dissolves: • the solid “disappears” • the solution is transparent • the solution is coloured (if a coloured solid) or colourless (if a white solid) When a substance does NOT dissolve: • the solid is still visible in a colourless liquid or • the liquid is cloudy

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SOLUTE Substance dissolving SOLUTION Solute dissolved in solventSOLVENT Liquid the solute dissolves in

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There are many solvents: e.g. water Saline solution (salt dissolved in water)

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There are many solvents: e.g. ethanol Iodine tincture (iodine dissolved in ethanol) used as an antiseptic

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Used to dissolve dirt in dry cleaningThere are many solvents: e.g. perchloroethylene

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Solutions /Ерітінді / Раствор A solution is a mixture where all components are mixed. The components of a solution are the solvent and the solute . For example, when we dissolve a teaspoon of sugar in a glass of water, the sugar is the solute , and the water is the solvent. In tap water, the solvent is water , and the salts ( NaCl are solute s).

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TYPES OF SOLUTIONS State of solvent State of solute State of solution Examples Gas Gas Gas Air, Natural gas Liquid Liquid Liquid Alcoholic beverages, Antifreeze solution Liquid Solid Liquid Seawater, Sugar solution Liquid Gas Liquid Carbonated water(soda), Ammonia solution Solid Solid Solid Metal alloys: brass and bronze Solid Gas Solid Hydrogen in platinum

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Solubility / Ерігіштік / Растворимость The solubility of a compound is the maximum amount of solute dissolving in a given solvent to form a saturated solution. Solubility data are reported in units of grams of solute per 100 g of water. Each solid has a different solubility in water. The solubility of table salt NaCl is 36 g in 100 g of water at 20 o C The solubility of sugar is 204g in 100 g of water at 20 o C.

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Learning check Identify the solute in each of the following solutions: 1. 2 g of sugar (A) and 100 mL of water (B) 2. 60.0 ml of ethyl alcohol (A) and 30.0 mL of methyl alcohol (B) 3. 55.0 ml of water (A) and 1,50 g of NaCl (B) 4. Air: 200 ml of O 2 (A) and 800mL of N 2 (B)

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