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FOREIGN LANGUAGE DEPARTMENT TOPIC: GLOBAL FIRST AID COMPLETED BY: TEACHER: GROUP SHYMKENT 20 99

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INTRODUCTION: First aid is the first and immediate assistance given to any person with either a minor or serious illness or injury,with care provided to preserve life, prevent the condition from worsening, or to promote recovery until medical services arrive. First aid is generally performed by someone with basic medical training. Mental health first aid is an extension of the concept of first aid to cover mental health, while psychological first aid is used as early treatment of people who are at risk for developing PTSD.Conflict first aid, focused on preservation and recovery of an individual's social or relationship well-being, is being piloted in Canada.

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GENERALLY FIVE STEPS ASSOCIATED WITH THE FIRST AID: 1) Assess the surrounding areas. 2) Move to a safe surrounding (if not already; for example, road accidents are unsafe to be dealt with on roads). 3) Call for help: both professional medical help and people nearby who might help in first aid such as the compressions of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) . 4) Perform suitable first aid depending on the injury suffered by the casualty. 5) Evaluate the casualty for any fatal signs of danger, or possibility of performing the first aid again.

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Skills of what is now known as first aid have been recorded throughout history, especially in relation to warfare, where the care of both traumatic and medical cases is required in particularly large numbers. The bandaging of battle wounds is shown on Classical Greek pottery from c. 500 BC, whilst the parable of the Good Samaritan includes references to binding or dressing wounds.There are numerous references to first aid performed within the Roman army, with a system of first aid supported by surgeons, field ambulances, and hospitals.Roman legions had the specific role of capsarii, who were responsible for first aid such as bandaging, and are the forerunners of the modern combat medic. Further examples occur through history, still mostly related to battle, with examples such as the Knights Hospitaller in the 11th century AD, providing care to pilgrims and knights in the Holy Land. EARLY HISTORY AND WARFARE:

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CONTENTS OF FIRST AID BOX: There is no universal agreement upon the list for the contents of a first aid kit. The UK Health and Safety Executive stress that the contents of workplace first aid kits will vary according to the nature of the work activities. As an example of possible contents of a kit, British Standard BS 8599 First Aid Kits for the Workplace lists the following items: • Information leaflet • Medium sterile dressings • Large sterile dressings • Bandages • Triangular dressings • Safety pins • Adhesive dressings • Sterile wet wipes • Microporous tape • Nitrile gloves • Face shield • Foil blanket • Burn dressings • Clothing shears • Conforming bandages • Finger dressing • Antiseptic cream • Scissors • Tweezers

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AIMS OF FIRST AID The primary goal of first aid is to prevent death or serious injury from worsening. The key aims of first aid can be summarized with the acronym of 'the three Ps': P RESERVE HARM : The overriding aim of all medical care which includes first aid, is to save lives and minimize the threat of death. First aid done correctly should help reduce the patient's level of pain and calm them down during the evaluation and treatment process . P REVENT FURTHER HARM : Prevention of further harm includes addressing both external factors, such as moving a patient away from any cause of harm, and applying first aid techniques to prevent worsening of the condition, such as applying pressure to stop a bleed from becoming dangerous. PROMOTE RECOVERY : First aid also involves trying to start the recovery process from the illness or injury, and in some cases might involve completing a treatment, such as in the case of applying a plaster to a small wound. It is important to note that first aid is not medical treatment and cannot be compared with what a trained medical professional provides. First aid involves making common sense decisions in the best interest of an injured person.

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Altitude sickness, which can begin in susceptible people at altitudes as low as 5,000 feet, can cause potentially fatal swelling of the brain or lungs. Anaphylaxis, a life-threatening condition in which the airway can become constricted and the patient may go into shock. The reaction can be caused by a systemic allergic reaction to allergens such as insect bites or peanuts. Anaphylaxis is initially treated with injection of epinephrin e. . Battlefield first aid—This protocol refers to treating shrapnel, gunshot wounds, burns and bone fractures as seen either in the traditional battlefield setting or in an area subject to damage by large-scale weaponry, such as a bomb blast. Bone fracture, a break in a bone initially treated by stabilizing the fracture with a splint. Burns, which can result in damage to tissues and loss of body fluids through the burn site. Cardiac Arrest, which will lead to death unless CPR preferably combined with an AED is started within minutes. Even calling to the emergency services, there is often no time to wait for them to arrive as 92 percent of people suffering a sudden cardiac arrest die before reaching hospital according to the American Heart Association. Choking, blockage of the airway which can quickly result in death due to lack of oxygen if the patient's trachea is not cleared. If an object blocks the airway, it can be removed by the anti- choking techniques.PHYSICAL CONDITIONS THAT OFTEN REQUIRE FIRST AID

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