Жоба Medical plants 11-12 сынып

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Ministry of Education and Science of the Repoblic of Kazakhstan Arkalyk Pedagogical Institute named after Ibray Altynsarin Faculty of natural sciences and informatics Department of Chemistry, Biology and Geography Speciality 5B011300 - Biology Medicinal plants in the flora of the Kazakhstan

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Plan : 1 Introduction General description of medicinal plants ІІ М ain part Types of medicinal plants in Kazakhstan ІІІ С onclusion List of used literature

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 Medicinal plants is also called medicinal herbs, have been discovered and used in traditional medicine practices since prehistoric times. Plants synthesise hundreds of chemical compounds for functions including defence against insects, fungi, diseases, and herbivorous mammals. Numerous phytochemicals with potential or established biological activity have been identified. However, since a single plant contains widely diverse phytochemicals, the effects of using a whole plant as medicine are uncertain. Further, the phytochemical content and pharmacological actions, if any, of many plants having medicinal potential remain unassessed by rigorous scientific research to define efficacy and safety. Medicinal plants are widely used in non- industrialized societies, mainly because they are readily available and cheaper than modern medicines. The annual global export value of the thousands of types of plants with suspected medicinal properties

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 Adyraspan is an ancient medicinal plant. Adyraspan belongs to the camel family. Branched perennial herbaceous. The leaves alternate. Pale yellow flowers grow individually. The fruit has large brown seeds. Spherical shell with a diameter of 1 cm. The height is about 30-60 centimeters. Chemical composition: adyraspan contains toxic garnishes and garmalin alkaloids, and peganine alkaloids in flowers and twigs. Adyraspan is a poisonous plant. Use only as directed by a physician. Uses: Adyraspan grass, leaves and flowers are used for medicinal purposes. In folk medicine, adyraspan is used for steaming in rheumatism, scabies and other skin diseases. And herbal decoction cures colds. A person with an infectious disease smokes and disinfects the room. Burns Adyraspan grass and treats headaches with smoke. Decoction and tincture of Adyraspan herb soothes people. Helps prevent complications and sweating. Adyraspan is a poisonous plant, so you need to be careful when taking it for treatment.Adyraspan- Гармала обыкновенная ( лат. Peganum harmala)

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 Rosehip is a deciduous shrub or ivy perennial plant belonging to the genus Rose. Height 2 meters. The bushes are thorny. Rosehip grows in all parts of the temperate and subtropical regions of the globe. There are about 500 species. In nature, it grows in mountainous areas, slopes, forests and waterfronts. The natural species grows in all foothills of Kazakhstan. Almost all types of rose hips are called roses. The name "wild rose" is widely used among the people. The peculiarity of rose hips is that they are rich in valuable vitamins, the fruit and medicines made from it are used in medicine mainly for the treatment of diseases of the stomach and liver. Rose hips contain almost half of the Mendeleev table. Rosehip roots, leaves and fruits are very healing for the human body. It contains 10 times more ascorbic acid than currants and 50 times more than lemons. The medicinal value of rose hips in its high content increases vitamin C. Rosehip also contains vitamins B, K, P, vitamin E in the seeds, carotene, sugar, as well as marrow, pectin, dyes, organic acids, minerals, macronutrients. In medicine, rose hips are used as a multivitamin, in the absence of vitamins in the body, against atherosclerosis, high blood pressure, anemia, to increase immunity, to quickly heal broken bones and to treat liver disease. Rosehip -Шиповник ( лат. Rōsa)

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 Wormwood is a perennial, sometimes annual or biennial herbaceous plant belonging to the genus Astragalus, often a shrub. There are 81 species that grow in all parts of Kazakhstan - in the desert, in the mountains.. The leaves are alternate, feather-like, sliced at the edges, sometimes entire. The small flowers are bisexual, yellow, with many baskets, forming a broom inflorescence, which is scattered when fully ripe. It blooms from July to September. The fruit is a seed. 17 species of wormwood belong to the rare endemic species, and one species that grows only in Kazakhstan - the drug has a special significance as a medicinal herb. Kazakhstani doctors have developed a medicinal drug from wormwood. It is a treatment for diseases of the biliary tract, stomach and skin. Wormwood - Полынь горькая (лат. Artemisia) Under the leadership of academician of the National Academy of Sciences of Kazakhstan Sergazy Adekenov, a drug "Arglabin" was developed from wormwood. Currently, the drug is used in the United States, Great Britain, Japan, China, Germany, Sweden and other countries to treat cancer.

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 Tussilago is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the genus Tussilago.It is found all over Kazakhstan. On the banks of rivers, in ravines, on mountain slopes, on clay soils, there is one species - the common stepmother . Its height is 20-100 cm. The stem grows. The leaves are large, scaly, brownish-brown, alternate on the stem. The orange flower is bisexual, matures at the tip of a single stem, appears before the leaves. The bouquet is a basket. It flowers in March-April and bears fruit in May-June. The fruit is a kernel. St. John's wort leaves contain glucosides, essential oils, inulin, aromatic substances, ascorbic acid. Stepmother has been used in folk medicine since the time of Hippocrates and Avicenna. It is used to treat aortic asthma, chronic bronchitis, laryngitis, inflammation of the upper respiratory tract. Drink the tincture to relieve cough. Tussilago -Мачеха (лат. Tussilago)

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 Itoshagan is an annual herbaceous plant belonging to the genus Astragalus.In Kazakhstan, on the shores of rivers and lakes, as well as in clay, sandy steppes and irrigated lands, there are species of imek itoshagan, triangular itoshagan, radiant itoshagan, hairy itoshagan. Their height is 10-60 cm. The upper part of the vertical stem is branched. The feather-shaped leaves are opposite. It flowers and bears fruit in July-August. The seeds are narrow, four-sided, with 2-4 hairs on the top. Itoshagan is a medicinal plant, widely used in folk medicine. It stimulates the appetite, improves digestion, normalizes metabolism during skin diseases. Stops bleeding and calms the nervous system. The leaves and flowers of the three-leaf clover are boiled and drunk when children are sick with syphilis. Itoshagan - Итошаган (lat. Bidens)

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С onclusion There are many groups of plants that are useful for our country, including those used in medicine to treat various diseases . It is very important to use them correctly and know the information about them . Medicinal plants in Kazakhstan are the most valuable and important of all plants. It is up to us to use them for the right purpose . Therefore, knowledge of such medicinal plants is very useful and important both for us and for our environment .

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List of used literature  https:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicinal_plants  https :// zhalagash-zharshysy.kz/uploads/posts/2019-12/1575955258_risu nok1.jpg  https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/% D0%98%D1%82%D0%BC%D2%B1%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD  https://www.google.com/search?gs_ssp=eJzj4tTP1TcwSqvKSjdg9 OK6sO1i88XGCxsu7AUAZRAKsA&q=%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%81% D0%B0%D0%BD&oq=% 3Becfy&aqs=chrome.2.69i57j0i10i433j46i10j0i10l5.4123j0j7&so urceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8  https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%88 %D0%B0%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD#/media/% D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82:Bidens_pilosa_100301 -0233_tdp.jpg

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Thank you for your attention

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