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MODAL VERBS

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 A modal verb (also modal, modal auxiliary verb, modal auxiliary) is a type of auxiliary verb that is used to indicate modality – that is, likelihood, ability, permission, and obligation. Examples include the English verbs can/could, may/might, must, will/would, and shall/should.

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Here's a list of the modal verbs in English: Can Could May Might Will Would Must Shall Should Ought to

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 Modals are different from normal verbs: 1: They don't use an 's' for the third person singular. 2: They make questions by inversion ('she can go' becomes 'can she go?'). 3: They are followed directly by the infinitive of another verb (without 'to').

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Probability:  First, they can be used when we want to say how sure we are that something happened / is happening / will happen. We often call these 'modals of deduction' or 'speculation' or 'certainty' or 'probability'. For example:  It's snowing, so it  must be  very cold outside.  I don't know where John is. He  could have missed  the train.  This bill  can't be  right. £200 for two cups of coffee!

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Ability  We use 'can' and 'could' to talk about a skill or ability. For example:  She  can speak  six languages.  My grandfather  could play  golf very well.  I  can't drive.

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Obligation and Advice  We can use verbs such as 'must' or 'should' to say when something is necessary or unnecessary, or to give advice. For example:  Children  must do  their homework.  We  have to wear  a uniform at work.  You  should stop  smoking.

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Permission  We can use verbs such as 'can', 'could' and 'may' to ask for and give permission. We also use modal verbs to say something is not allowed. For example:  Could I leave  early today, please?  You  may not use  the car tonight.  Can we swim  in the lake?

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Habits  We can use 'will' and 'would' to talk about habits or things we usually do, or did in the past.  For example:  When I lived in Italy, we  would  often  eat  in the restaurant next to my flat.  John  will  always  be  late!

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 1) I  hope she … it.    cans do        can does        can do  2) All students … theTOEFL.    must take        must taking        must to take    3)  You … go to sleep earlier.    should to        should        should have  4)  She … speak English well.    cans        can to        can  5) I … it at all.    can't to see        can't see        don't can see

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 6)  He … more slowly.    must to        can drives        should drive   7) She … a bigger breakfast.    shoulds eat        should eats        should eat  8) He … all day tomorrow.    must to study        must study        must studies  9) He … you with your homework.    can help        can helps        can to help.  10) You … her.    should to        should ask        should asking

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