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Department: “Foreign languages” PRESENTATION Theme: Natural Disasters Shymkent 20 99 Prepared by: Group: Checked by:

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CONTENT I. Introduction II. Main part III. Conclusion IV. Used literature 1. What is a Natural Disasters 2. Type of natural disasters 3. Cause and explanation of natural disasters

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Introduction Natural disasters are events that occur without human intervention, which have a negative impact on life and human beings. In many cases, humans are responsible for the effects of technical malpractices, negligence, or the consequences of bad plans.According to the types of natural phenomena causing related disasters, there are many reasons for natural disasters. In general, a natural disaster is caused by climatic phenomena, geomorphological processes, biological factors or spatial phenomena. Climate-related natural disasters include tropical cyclones, floods, droughts, wildfires, tornadoes, heat waves, and cold waves. On the other hand, we have space disasters that are much less frequent than are the impacts of meteorites and asteroids.

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Main part Types of natural disaster • Avalanche • Tropical cyclone • Ground slides • Epidemics and pandemics • Volcanic eruptions • Hail • Meteorite and comet impacts • Forest fires • Floods • Droughts • Earthquakes • Sand and dust storms • Suspended particles • Electric storms • Tornadoes • Tsunamis • Heat wav • Cold wave

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• Avalanche : it is the fall of a large mass of snow with a steep terrain due to the effect of gravity. If it occurs in areas occupied or traveled by human beings, it can lead to a serious disaster. • Tropical cyclone : They are revolving storms of great magnitude. These cyclones are accompanied by heavy rainfall and high- speed winds. The winds can cause discomfort at sea, floods, destroy infrastructure and can even cause the death of people.

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Volcanic eruptions: they are massive expulsions of magma, ash and gases that come from the Earth's mantle. The magma drifts into a flow that creeps across the Earth's surface and burns everything in its path. Forest fires: Most wildfires are man- made, although many occur naturally. Extreme drought conditions can spontaneously ignite drier vegetation and start the fire.

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Earthquakes: they are quite feared for being unpredictable and can have serious consequences. It can collapse a structure, cause explosions, break water pipes, dams and other accidents. Tsunamis: they are also called tidal waves. They are caused by the existence of underwater earthquakes that cause large waves that move at high speed. With impact on the coast they can produce major disasters due to impact and flooding.

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Among the causes that originate these disasters we have the following : • Climatic causes:  they happen with variations in atmospheric weather in terms of temperature, precipitation, winds, atmospheric pressure, etc. It is usually this abrupt change in atmospheric variables that cause phenomena such as hurricanes, electrical storms, tornadoes, waves of cold or heat. • Geomorphological causes:  they usually occur when the movements of the tectonic plates and the dynamics of the earth's crust and mantle cause earthquakes, tsunamis and volcanic eruptions. • Biological causes:  imbalances in ecosystems can lead to the growth of pathogenic organisms and their vectors. In this way, the growth of bacteria and viruses can create epidemics or pandemics. • Outer space:  Meteorites and asteroids entering the Earth's atmosphere can cause serious damage.

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• Earthquakes occur due to the movement of tectonic plates beneath the Earth's surface, while volcanic eruptions result from the release of magma and gases from beneath the Earth's crust. Tsunamis are large ocean waves triggered by underwater earthquakes or volcanic eruptions, and landslides occur when soil and rock mass move downhill. • Floods occur when rivers, lakes, or oceans overflow their banks, often due to heavy rainfall or rapid snowmelt. Flash floods are sudden and intense floods that occur within a short period, typically in low-lying areas or regions with poor drainage. Avalanches occur when a mass of snow, ice, and debris rapidly slides downhill.Cause and explanation of natural disasters

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Conclusion In conclusion, natural disasters are formidable events that result from various natural processes and phenomena. They can have devastating consequences on human life, infrastructure, and the environment. Understanding the causes and mechanisms behind natural disasters is crucial for developing effective mitigation strategies and enhancing resilience in vulnerable communities. By implementing proactive measures, such as early warning systems, disaster preparedness plans, and sustainable land use practices, we can strive to minimize the impact of natural disasters and safeguard lives and livelihoods. Ultimately, while we cannot prevent natural disasters entirely, we can work towards building more resilient societies capable of responding and recovering from these challenges.

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Used literature 1. https://www.britannica.com/science/natural-disaster 2. https://www.meteorologiaenred.com/en/natural-disasters.html 3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_disaster 4. https://prezi.com/p/ctru_v7rsmtf/natural-disasters/ 5. https://slidesgo.com/theme/types-of-natural-disasters-class

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