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Science as a profession

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SCIENCE IS A SPECIAL KIND OF ACTIVITY AIMED AT OBTAINING AND SYSTEMATIZING OBJECTIVE KNOWLEDGE ABOUT NATURE AND SOCIETY. THE MAIN GOAL OF SCIENCE IS THE INCREMENT OF KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE WORLD, AND THE MAIN TASKS OF SCIENCE ARE:  collection, analysis, synthesis and explanation of the facts;  an explanation of the essence of phenomena and processes;

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 the establishment of the laws of motion of nature, society, thinking;  systematization and dissemination of acquired knowledge;  the establishment of directions and forms of practical use of the knowledge gained

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Science can be viewed in various aspects:  as a specific form of social consciousness, the basis of which is the knowledge system;  as a process of learning the laws of the objective world;

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 as a social institution, which is a system of interrelations between scientific organizations and members of the scientific community;  as one of the important factors of social development and as a process of knowledge production and use.

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Science turns into a profession in the late 19th century, and it was from this time that scientists began to systematically receive a salary. The recognition of the economic importance of scientific activity. Science ceases to be a solitary affair and turns into a complex social institution. Not everyone can enter the scientific discourse now; for this, the subject must possess a number of socially established qualities (higher education, PhD degree, publications, etc.).

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#7 слайд
• Science develops its own ethos - a set of rules, the observance of which is necessary for each individual scientist, if he wants to remain a member of the scientific community.

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#8 слайд
M. Weber in the article “Science as a vocation and profession” notes that “at present, the attitude to scientific production as a profession is primarily due to the fact that science has entered such a stage of specialization which it did not know before ... a separate individual can create the field of science is something complete only under the condition of the strictest specialization ”(Weber M. Selected Works. M., 1990. P. 707- 708).

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A professional scientist acts as a provider of specialized knowledge and is responsible only for its reliability and validity. A scientist as a professional should be aware of the limits of his competence; moral, aesthetic, philosophical, religious preferences and assessments of a scientist are considered his personal matter and are not included in science today.

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Having turned into a profession, science became a technique for mastering the external conditions of the world and life. She answers the question: what should be done to make the result as efficient as possible, but does not consider questions about the meaning of human activity and the world as a whole.

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In conclusion, it is worth emphasizing the main points again. Science is a special form of social consciousness, the main purpose of which is the increment of knowledge about the world. The main aspects and types of science in unity form a living, developing science, a holistic organism.

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#13 слайд
The main form of existence and development of science is scientific research, that is, activities aimed at studying objects, phenomena and processes, their structure and connections. Subjects of scientific research are a scientist or a scientific organization (scientific school). The structural units of the scientific field are complex problems, problems, topics and scientific issues that determine the relevance, viability and effectiveness of the research.

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