The 19th century literature. Romanticism

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The 19th century literature. Romanticism

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• Romanticism was a literary movement that began in the late 18th century, ending around the middle of the 19th century—although its influence continues to this day. It meant the shift of sensibility in art and literature and was based on interdependence of Man and Nature. • It was a style in European art, literature and music that emphasized the importance of feeling, emotion and imagination rather than reason or thought. Romanticism in literature was the reaction of the society not only to the French Revolution of 1789 but also to the Enlightenment connected with it.

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the Early Romantics; the Lakists; the Later Romantics; The Romantic Revival in English Literature of the 18th -19th centuries can be divided into three periods:

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Romanticism Definition The term Romanticism does not stem directly from the concept of love, but rather from the French word romaunt (a romantic story told in verse). Romanticism focused on emotions and the inner life of the writer, and often used autobiographical material to inform the work or even provide a template for it, unlike traditional literature at the time.

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There are several reasons of the growth of the Romantic Movement in English literature in the early 19th century: influence of the Gothic novel; revival of interest in ancient English poetic forms and folk poetry. a revolt against the scientific rationalization of nature of the Age of Enlightenment;the changing landscape and the pollution of the environment;a new emphasis on the beauty and value of nature brought

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• believe in an ulterior reality; • imagination as the most important gift that the poet can have; • passionate love for the visible world, sometimes their approach is highly sensuous; • exploration of the unknown aspects of mankind; • naturalism (including love for nature and man in simple surroundings) and supernaturalism; • mysticism, glory of the past;Major characteristics of ‘romanticism’

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William Blake’s Mysticism  William Blake was the first English poet to introduce the romantic note of mysticism in poetry. In his poems, we find a complete break from classical school of poetry. His poems exhibit ‘extraordinary compositions full of unearthly visions, charming simplicity and baffling obscurity’.  Blake’s Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience are famous for their lyrical quality and mysticism. Some of his most famous poems include ‘Little Lamb who made thee? and ‘Tiger, Tiger, Burning Bright’.

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After Blake, among the earliest Romantics were the Lake Poets, a small group of friends, who all lived in the Lake District of England, United Kingdom. As a group, they followed no single "school" of thought or literary practice then known. The three main figures of what has become known as the Lakes School were William Wordsworth (1770–1850), Samuel Taylor Coleridge 1772–1834), Robert Southey (1774–1843).

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 Lord Byron was an English poet and peer. One of the leading figures of the Romantic movement. In all his poetry there is a current of gloom and pessimism. The reason for this gloom and sorrow may be found in social and political events of his day. The industrial revolution in England and the invention of new machines which supplanted workers brought misery to thousands of laborers. So he raised his voice to condemn them.  Among his best-known works are the lengthy narrative poems Don Juan and Childe Harold's Pilgrimage ; many of his shorter lyrics in Hebrew Melodies also became popular.