UK. Composition of the country

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Theme: UK. Composition of the country

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Plan: 21 • England 2 • Scotland 3 • Wales 4 • Northern Ireland

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Englan d1

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ENGLAND  Of the four parts which make up Great Britain England is the largest, the industrial and most densely populated part of the UK. It occupies an area of 131,8 thousand sq. km. Over 46 million people of the population of the UK live in England.  The greatest concentrations of population are in London, Birmingham and northwest industrial cities. The coasts of England are washed by the North Sea, the Irish Sea, the English Channel and the Strait of Dover. No part of England is more than 120 kilometers from the sea.  It is interesting to note that the sea has been important in the history of England. It was a good protection against the attacks of outside peoples. Fishing has always been an important industry, especially in the east. The sea also has a great effect on England’s climate.  There are many rivers in England. The longest and the most important is the Thames. The rivers are of great importance for communication and especially for carrying goods.  England is mostly a lowland country. There are upland regions in the north and the southwest, but the rest of England is almost flat.

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The flag of England is derived from Saint George's Cross (heraldic blazon : Argent, a cross gules ). The association of the red cross as an emblem of England can be traced back to the Late Middle Ages , and it was increasingly used alongside the Royal Banner in the wake of the English Reformation , especially as a maritime flag . It was used as a component in the design of the Union Jack in 1606. The national flower of England is the rose. The flower has been adopted as England’s emblem since the time of the Wars of the Roses - civil wars (1455-1485)The official Coat of Arms The Three Lions Crest Richard the Lionheart (1189 - 1199) used the three golden lions (sometimes described as leopards) on their scarlet background as a powerful symbol of the English Throne during the time of the Crusades.The flag of England Royal arms of England The national emblems of England

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6Stonehenge Tower of London Canterbury Cathedral The National Gallery Warwick Castle Tate Modern

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Scotlan d2

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SCOTLAND  Scotland is the most northern of the countries that constitute the UK. It occupies an area of 78.8 thousand sq. km. It means that Scotland takes up one third of the territory of the British Isles, its population is not very big. It is the most northern part of the island of GB and is not far away from the Arctic Circle. That’s why it is not densely populated: its population is a little over 5 million people. The Cheviot Hills mark the boundary between England and Scotland. Apart from this land link with England, Scotland is surrounded by sea.  Status: Part of United Kingdom  First Minister: Jack McConnell (2001)  Land area: 30,414 sq mi (78,772 sq km)  Population (1996 est.): 5,128,000; density per sq mi: 168.6  Capital (2003 est.): Edinburgh, 663,700 (metro. area), 460,000 (city proper)  Largest city: Glasgow, 1,361,000 (metro. area), 1,099,400 (city proper)  Monetary unit: British pound sterling (£)  Languages: English, Scots Gaelic  Religions: Church of Scotland, Roman Catholic, Scottish Episcopal Church, Baptist.

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The flag of Scotland ( Scottish Gaelic : bratach na h- Alba ; Scots : Banner o Scotland , also known as St Andrew's Cross or the Saltire ) [2] consists of a white saltire defacing a blue field. The Saltire, rather than the Royal Standard of Scotland , is the correct flag for all private individuals and corporate bodies to fly. The thistle , the national emblem of ScotlandThe royal arms of Scotland is the official coat of arms of the King of Scots first adopted in the 12th century. With the Union of the Crowns in 1603, James VI inherited the thrones of England and Ireland and thus his arms in Scotland were now quartered with the arms of EnglandThe flag of Scotland Coat of arms of Scotland The national emblems of Scotland

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10Melrose Abbey Skara Brae Stirling Castle Loch Ness Edinburgh Castle Ben Nevis

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Wales3

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WALES  Status: Part of United Kingdom  First Secretary: Rhodri Morgan (2000)  Land area: 8,019 sq mi (20,768 sq km)  Population (1993 est.): 2,906,500  Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Cardiff, 676,400 (metro. area), 280,800 (city proper)  Monetary unit: British pound sterling (£)  Languages: English, Welsh  Religions: Calvinistic Methodist, Church of Wales, Roman Catholic  Wales is a peninsula washed by the sea on three sides: the Bristol Channel in the south, the St. George’s Channel in the west, and the Irish Sea in the north. Its territory is 20,8 thousand sq. km. Geographically Wales may be considered part of highland Britain, the Cumbrian Mountains occupying most of the land. It is an area of high mountains, deep valleys, waterfalls and lakes.

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The Flag of Wales ( Welsh : Baner Cymru or Y Ddraig Goch , meaning ' the red dragon ') consists of a red dragon passant on a green and white field . As with many heraldic charges , the exact representation of the dragon is not standardised and many renderings exist. The flag is not represented in the Union Flag . The daffodil is the national flower worn on St David's Day (1 March) in Wales. The daffodil may be known as Welsh : cenhinen Bedr ( Saint Peter 's leek)The Coat of Arms of the Principality of Wales which are the historic arms of the Kingdom of Gwynedd are used by Charles, Prince of Wales in his personal standard. They are also the basis for the Royal Badge of Wales issued in 2008 for the use of the National Assembly for Wales .The flag of Wales Coat of arms of Wales The national flower of Wales

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14Snowdonia National Park Brecon Beacons National Park Cardiff Castle Devil's Bridge and the Hafod Estate Wales by Rail Caernarfon Castle

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Norther n Ireland4

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NORTHERN IRELAND  Status: Part of United Kingdom  Languages: English, Irish (Gaelic) (both official)  Ethnicity/race: Celtic, English  Religions: Roman Catholic 88%, Church of Ireland 3%, other Christian 2%, none 4%  Literacy rate: 98% (1981 est.)  Land area: 5,452 sq mi (14,121 sq km)  Population (1998 est.): 1,688,600  Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Belfast, 484,800 (metro. area), 246,200 (city proper)  Other large cities: Cork, 193,400; Limerick, 84,900; Galway, 67,200  Monetary unit: British pound sterling (£)  Northern Ireland occupies the north-eastern part of Ireland, which is separated from the island of Great Britain by the North Channel. In the south- west Northern Ireland borders on the Irish Republic.  Almost all the area of Northern Ireland is a plain of volcanic origin, deepening in the centre to from the largest lake of the British Isles, Lough Neagh.

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The only official flag in Northern Ireland is the Union Flag of the United Kingdom . The Ulster Banner was used by the Northern Ireland government from 1953 until the government and parliament were abolished in 1973. Since then, it has had no official status. However, it is still used as the flag of Northern Ireland by loyalists and unionists , [10][11] and to represent Northern Ireland internationally in some sporting competitions. The names derives from the Irish word seamróg which means “Little Clover”. There is in fact no single species of flower called Shamrock. A Shamrock is basically any examples of Lesser Clover, White Clover,Red Clover, Black Medick and Wood Sorrel which have 3 more or less heart shaped leaves.The coat of arms of the Government of Northern Ireland was granted to the Executive Committee of the Privy Counc il of Northern Ireland in 1924. The coat of arms was designed by Major Sir Nevile Wilkinson , Ulster King of Arms , at Dublin Castle , in 1923. In January 1924, Major Wilkinson held discussions with Northern Irish officials in London regarding the coat of arms.The flag of Coat of arms of Northern Ireland The national flower of

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18The Giant's Causeway The Causeway Coast and Dunluce Castle Carrick-a-Rede Rope Bridge Carrickfergus Castle Ards Peninsula Lough Erne