Kazakhstan, officially Republic of Kazakhstan, has the
population of 15,186,000 people and territory 2,719,500 sq km, is
situated in central Asia. It borders on Siberian Russia in the
north, China in the east, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan
in the south, and the Caspian Sea and European Russia in the west.
Astana is the capital and Almaty (Alma-Ata) is the largest city.
Other major cities include Shymkent, Semey, Aqtobe, and
Oskemen.
Kazakhstan consists of a vast flatland, bordered by a high
mountain belt in the southeast. It extends from the lower Volga and
the Caspian Sea in the west to the Altai Mts. in the east. It is
largely lowland in the north and west, hilly in the center (Kazakh
Hills), and mountainous in the south and east (Tian Shan and Altai
ranges). Kazakhstan is a region of inland drainage; the Syr Darya,
the Ili, the Chu, and other rivers drain into the Aral Sea and Lake
Balkash. Most of the region is desert or has limited and irregular
rainfall.
The population of Kazakhstan consists mainly of Muslim
Kazakhs and Russians; there are smaller minorities of Ukrainians,
Germans, Uzbeks, and Tatars. Kazakh, a Turkic language, is the
official tongue, but Russian is still widely
used.
Despite Kazakhstan's largely arid conditions, its vast
steppes accommodate both livestock and grain production. Wheat,
cotton, sugar beets, and tobacco are the main crops. The raising of
cattle and sheep is also important, and Kazakhstan produces much
wool and meat. In addition, there are rich fishing grounds, famous
for their caviar-producing sturgeon, in the Caspian, although these
have been hurt by overfishing.
The Kazakh Hills in the core of the region have important
mineral resources. Coal is mined at Qaraghandy and Ekibastuz, and
there are major oil fields in the Emba basin. The country's
industries are located along the margins of the country. Steel,
agricultural and mining machinery, superphosphate fertilizers,
phosphorus acids, artificial fibers, synthetic rubber, textiles,
and medicines are among the manufactured goods. Temirtau is the
iron and steel center. The Baikonur (Bayqongyr) Cosmodrome in
central Kazakhstan was the Soviet space-operations center and
continues to serve Russian space exploration through an agreement
between the two nations. The main trading partners are Russia,
Ukraine, and Uzbekistan.
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I want to tell you about my homeland. My homeland is
Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan is an independent Republic. It is situated
in the Central Asia. Its population, is 16 million. All people of
Kazakhstan have equal rights and duties. Astana is the capital of
Kazakhstan. The territory of Kazakhstan is huge. It borders on
China in the East and the Caspian Sea in the West, Russian in the
North and the states of Asia in the South. The republic occupies
the territory of more than 2 million square kilometers. .
Kazakhstan has 14 regions, 84 cities.
The earth of Kazakhstan is full of iron and gold, coal,
nickel and raw materials. Also Kazakhstan is rich in mineral
resources. These reserves formed a solid base for the development
of heavy industry. The leading branch of agriculture is the
production of wheat, sheep rising, and horse breeding. Kazakh-is
the official language of the country, but Russian and other
languages are spoken here too. Kazakhstan has hundreds of
nationalities that’s why all people speak their native
language.
Great attention is paid to the development of culture and
education the Kazakhstan University, the Opera and Ballet Theater
named after Abai Kunanbayev are well
known.
There are many big industrial centers in Kazakhstan such as
Karaganda, Almaty, Semey, and Shymkent.
Kazakhstan is the place where space dreams and projects
have come into reality. The name of Baikonur is known all over the
world. We are proud of Kazakhstan and hope it will have a great
future. Our president now is Nursultan Nazarbayev. The president is
elected every seven years.
The climate is strongly continental. KZ- has its own flag,
anthem and national traditions and holidays. I think the most
important holiday in our country is- Nayris. The Day of Republic is
on the 25th of October. I’m proud of my
country.
02 Қараша 2021
336
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