present continuous, present simple, past simple, past continuous

Present Simple. Present Continuous. Past Simple. Past Continuous.

Present Simple. Present Continuous. Past Simple. Past Continuous.

The present simple tense (present simple tense) counts in hours without an auxiliary verb. The first place in the sentence is taken by the taking, the second is the semantic verb. The subject can be a pronoun or existing. With the pronouns he, she, it, and existing in the singular, the verb of consolidation has the ending -s (-es). In all other cases, the verb is not included.

Formula: I/We/You/They + verb

Examples: I think. - I think. We smile. - We smile. You know. - You know. The boys are jumping. The boys are jumping.

Formula: He/She/It + verb + -s (-es)

Examples: He is coming. - He's coming. She says. She says. The boy is jumping. - The boy is jumping.

The ending -es is added to verbs that end in -o, -y, -s, -sh, -ch, -tch, -x, z. This is done so that two difficult-to-pronounce sounds do not stand side by side in a word.

Examples: She does - She does. He teaches - He teaches. She watches - She watches. He mixes - He mixes.

You should also pay attention to verbs ending in -y. In this case, two types of endings are used:

If the word ends in a consonant and -y, the ending -es is used and "y" is replaced with "i":

Examples: I try (I try). - He tries (he tries). They carry (they wear). - She carries (she wears).

If the word ends in a vowel and -y, the ending -s is attached to the verb, and the "y" remains in its place.

Examples: You buy (you buy). - He buys (he buys). We play (we play). - She plays (she plays).

Present Simple and Present Continuous have different grammatical structures.

Present Continuous Tense (present continuous tense) is formed from the auxiliary verb to be and the main verb. The verb to be takes the desired form depending on the person of the subject (am, is, are), and the particle to leaves the main verb and the ending -ing appears.

Formula: I am + verb-ing

Example: I am singing. - I sing.

Formula: He/She/It is + verb-ing

Example: He is smiling. - He smiles. She is lying. - She lies. It is shining. - It shines.

Formula: We/You/They are + verb-ing

Example: We are listening. - We are listening. You are dancing. - You are dancing. They are swimming. - They are swimming.

As a general rule, the ending -ing is added to the verb. But in some cases, adding the ending -ing entails the transformation of the word.

Rule: verbs ending in -e leave the final vowel.

Examples: come - coming (to come), make - making (to do), write - writing (to write)

Rule: For verbs ending in -ie, the vowels -ie are replaced with -y.

Examples: lie -lying (to lie), tie - tying (to tie), die - dying (to die).

Rule: If a verb ends in a short vowel with a consonant, then that consonant is doubled.

Examples: swim - swimming (swim), stop - stopping (stop), get - getting (get).

Negative sentences in Present Simple and Present Continuous are formed using an auxiliary verb and a negative particle not.

Present Simple - the auxiliary verb do or its form does is used if the subject is expressed by the pronouns he, she, it or singular nouns. Thus, the ending -s from the main verb passes to the auxiliary. The particle not is located between the main and auxiliary verbs.

Formula: I/We/You/They + do not + verb

Examples: I don't think. - I don't think. We don't smile. We don't smile. You don't know. - You don't know / You don't know. Boys don't jump. Boys don't jump.

Formula: He/She/It + does not + verb

Examples: He does not go. - He doesn't walk. She doesn't speak. - She doesn't talk. A boy doesn't jump. The boy is not jumping.

Do not and does not can be colloquially abbreviated to don't and doesn't respectively.

Example: We don't smile. A boy doesn't jump.

Unlike Present Simple, Present Continuous uses an auxiliary verb to form an affirmative sentence. Therefore, in order to turn a statement into a negation, it is enough to add the particle not. The predicate looks like this: the verb to be, after it the particle not and then the main verb.

Formula: I am not + verb-ing

Example: I am not singing. - I don't drink.

Formula: He/She/It is not + verb-ing

Examples: He is not smiling. - He doesn't smile. She is not lying. She is not lying. It is not shining. - It doesn't light up.

Formula: We/You/They are not + verb-ing

Examples: We are not listening. We don't listen. You are not dancing. - You don't dance. They are not swimming. - They don't swim.

Question

The question in Present Simple is asked using the auxiliary verb do (does), which takes the first place in the sentence. The second place is occupied by the subject, and the third - by the main verb.

Formula: Do + I/we/you/they + verb

Examples: Do I think? - I think? Do we smile? Are we smiling? Do you know? - Do you know? / Do you know? Do boys jump? Are the boys jumping?

Formula: Does + he/she/it + verb

Examples: Does he go? - He walks? Does she speak? - She is talking? Does a boy jump? Is the boy jumping?

When forming an interrogative sentence in Present Continuous, similar permutations occur: to be is placed in the first place, then the subject is also followed, and after it is the main verb.

Formula: Am I + verb-ing

Example: Am I singing? - I sing?

Formula: Is he/she/it + verb-ing

Examples: Is he smiling? - He smiles? Is she lying? - Is she lying down? Is it shining? - Does it shine?

Formula: Are we/you/they + verb-ing

Examples: Are we going? - We are going? Are you dancing? – Do you dance? Are they swimming? - They are swimming?