Tourism has emerged as one of the world’s largest industries. Growing rapidly in the last
two decades, today it accounts for more than seven percent of world output and employs
some 150 million people around the globe. Tourism—travel-based recreation— provides
people with a change of place and a break from the monotony of daily life.
To ensure a circulating economy, even countries not relying on tourism to a great extent,
promote internal tourism. Tourism generates employment and adds to the entrepreneurial
wealth of a nation.
While tourism has several advantages, it also has some undesirable effects. Tourism can
cause social, cultural, or environmental disruption. Of the greatest concern is the damage
to the environment. To attract more tourists, sprawling resorts are built which take neither
the local architectural styles nor the ecology into consideration. Natural systems are
destroyed as a result of indiscriminate construction and efforts to provide water and waste
disposal facilities and recreational arrangements to tourists.
Problems of the Tourism Sector In Kazakhstan.
The majority of experts believe that Kazakhstan is not fully using its capabilities to develop
tourism, yet extensive international experience shows that the tourism industry is one of
the most promising sectors of the economy. Tourism growth has to occur mainly due to the
appearance of newly visited areas, as traditional areas of the world tourism market have
already reached the limits of recreational capacity.
By analyzing the variation of the main economic indicators of tourism development, it can
be concluded that the potential of Kazakhstan's tourism is not fully realized as the
development of the tourism industry depends on the creation of a modern competitive
tourist complex, including the infrastructure of transport and logistics system, also taking
into account the reconstruction of the crossing points through the state border of the
Republic of Kazakhstan (road, air, rail), providing ample opportunities to meet the needs of
local and foreign citizens in tourism services. Creating a tourist complex will also make a
significant contribution to the economy through tax revenues, foreign exchange inflows,
increasing the number of jobs, as well as providing control over the conservation and
management of cultural and natural heritage. Recently there has been a significant
increase in the interest of foreign tourists in the tourist attractions of the Republic of
Kazakhstan. This phenomenon, first of all, is caused by the geographical location of the
republic, the great potential in the field of attractive tourist routes, etc. Tourist attraction of
Kazakhstan is due to the presence of unique natural areas and nature reserves, as historic
and cultural attractions on the world level. Proper use of these resources contributes to the
development of almost all types of tourism in the country
Serious systemic problems in the sector of tourism enterprises exist for a long time and
should be addressed by all levels of government. Thus, the following key problems have
been

domestic tourism in Kazakhstan:
1. High prices for all types of transportation, hotel, and restaurant services. In addition, the
high cost of transport services, primarily for flights, increases the cost of the tourist
product, and Kazakhstan, respectively, reduces its competitiveness in the international
market;
2. Weak state control in the tourism sector. After the abolition of activities for the licensing
of travel agencies, their monitoring becomes more difficult. This leads to arbitrariness
and lack of control of many travel agencies;
3. Low-level development of transport and hotel infrastructure. At this level of
infrastructure
development, prices are significantly overrated to result in greater profits from
the low number of tourists;
4. Weak research base for the study of tourism. There are no statistics and data to be used
for integrated forecasting, long-term planning and organization of tourism for each
territory;
5. Lack of professional and scientific training in the field of tourism. There is only a small
number of literate guides designed to promote tourism in the country;
6. Imperfection of legislative and economic incentives for inbound and domestic tourism at
the state and local level;
7. Insufficient organization of tourist services that creates a negative image for particular
tourist destinations and the country as a whole;
8. The inadequate policy of the state and local authorities to create a positive image of the
the country as an attractive tourism destination;
9. Poor range of services offered;
10. Lack of a comprehensive and successful marketing strategy to promote domestic
tourism.