Тест по английскому языку для подготовки к ЕНТ

Часть 1: Грамматика (Вопросы 1-20)

Инструкция: Выберите один правильный вариант ответа из пяти предложенных.

1. Not until the examination ___ over ___ how much time he ___.

A) was / did he realize / had wasted

B) is / he realizes / has wasted

C) had been / he realized / wasted

D) were / did he realize / wasted

E) was / he realized / was wasting

2. ___ the difficulty of the task, I would have asked for more time.

A) If I realized

B) Should I realize

C) Had I realized

D) Were I to realize

E) When I realized

3. Rarely ___ such a breathtaking performance before attending the Bolshoi Theatre.

A) I had witnessed

B) did I witness

C) I witnessed

D) had I witnessed

E) was I witnessed

4. The committee recommended that the proposal ___ immediately.

A) is rejected

B) be rejected

C) will be rejected

D) was rejected

E) has been rejected

5. It's high time the government ___ decisive action ___ the economic crisis.

A) took / about

B) takes / on

C) took / on

D) should take / about

E) has taken / for

6. ___ by the sudden noise, the baby started crying.

A) Startling

B) Having startled

C) Startled

D) To startle

E) Being startled

7. He insisted ___ the bill, ___ seemed rather generous of him.

A) on paying / that

B) to pay / which

C) on paying / which

D) paying / what

E) pay / that

8. ___ effort you put into this project, the results will reflect it.

A) However much

B) Whatever

C) No matter what

D) Whichever

E) Although much

9. I'd rather you ___ me the truth yesterday instead of letting me find out myself.

A) told

B) had told

C) tell

D) have told

E) would tell

10. The regulations require that every employee ___ a safety training course.

A) attends

B) must attend

C) attend

D) will attend

E) attended

11. Seldom ___ such intricate craftsmanship as that displayed in the Fabergé eggs.

A) one sees

B) is seen

C) can one see

D) sees one

E) has one see

12. ___ being an accomplished pianist, she is also a talented composer.

A) Besides

B) Except

C) Despite

D) Apart

E) In spite of

13. No sooner ___ the door ___ the phone started ringing insistently.

A) I had closed / when

B) had I closed / than

C) did I close / when

D) I closed / than

E) closed I / when

14. The success of the project hinges ___ securing adequate funding ___ time.

A) upon / in

B) on / on

C) from / at

D) with / by

E) at / within

15. She regretted ___ so harshly; she wished she ___ more patient.

A) speaking / had been

B) to speak / were

C) having spoken / would be

D) speak / was

E) to have spoken / should be

16. ___ we invested more in renewable energy sources earlier, we ___ facing such a severe climate crisis now.

A) If / wouldn't be

B) Unless / would be

C) Provided / wouldn't have been

D) Had / wouldn't be

E) Should / won't be

17. The issue ___ discussed at the meeting is of paramount importance.

A) being

B) is

C) having been

D) to be

E) was

18. It goes without ___ that punctuality is crucial for this job.

A) saying

B) telling

C) speaking

D) mentioning

E) asking

19. ___ all his efforts, he failed to convince the board members.

A) Although

B) Despite

C) However

D) Even though

E) Whereas

20. Were the negotiations ___ , the company ___ expand its operations overseas.

A) succeeding / can

B) to succeed / could

C) succeed / might

D) succeeded / would have

E) successful / will

Часть 2: Грамматика (Вопросы 21-30)

Инструкция: Выберите ВСЕ правильные варианты ответа из пяти предложенных (от 1 до 3 правильных ответов).

21. Which sentence(s) correctly use(s) inversion after a negative adverbial?

A) Never I have seen such a mess.

B) Hardly had the performance begun when the lights went out.

C) Little did he know about the surprise party awaiting him.

D) Not only she is talented, but she is also very hardworking.

E) Seldom do we have the opportunity to travel abroad.

21. Identify the sentence(s) where the subjunctive mood is correctly used.

A) I suggest that he takes a break.

B) It is essential that all passengers remain seated.

C) The teacher demanded that the student apologize.

D) If I was you, I would reconsider.

E) They insisted that the contract is signed immediately.

21. Choose the sentence(s) containing a participle clause.

A) Having finished his homework, he went out to play.

B) The book, written by a famous author, became a bestseller.

C) She enjoys swimming in the ocean.

D) Seen from a distance, the mountains looked majestic.

E) He was tired after he worked all day.

21. Which sentence(s) correctly use(s) conditional type 3?

A) If she had studied harder, she would pass the exam.

B) If they had known about the traffic, they would have left earlier.

C) Had he listened to the warnings, he wouldn't have gotten into trouble.

D) If I were rich, I would have bought that yacht.

E) We would have helped if you asked us.

21. Identify the sentence(s) where 'used to' or 'be/get used to' is used correctly.

A) I used to living in a colder climate.

B) She quickly got used to the new working environment.

C) They used to play tennis every weekend before the injury.

D) Are you used to getting up early?

E) He never used to like spicy food, but now he loves it.

21. Which phrase(s) can correctly complete the sentence: "___ the rain, the match continued."?

A) Despite

B) In spite of

C) Although

D) Even though

E) Notwithstanding

21. Select the sentence(s) containing passive voice.

A) The report was submitted yesterday.

B) Mistakes were made during the calculation.

C) They are building a new bridge across the river.

D) This problem needs to be addressed immediately.

E) She actively participated in the discussion.

21. Choose the correct preposition(s) to complete the sentence: "He prides himself ___ his ability ___ solve complex problems."

A) on / to

B) in / for

C) with / in

D) on / for

E) upon / to

21. Which question(s) is/are grammatically correct indirect questions?

A) Could you tell me where is the station?

B) I wonder if she will accept the offer.

C) Do you know what time the meeting starts?

D) He asked why had I been late.

E) She wanted to know whether I needed any help.

21. Identify the sentence(s) using relative clauses correctly.

A) The man who lives next door is a doctor.

B) This is the book what I told you about.

C) The city, that is famous for its canals, attracts many tourists.

D) She bought the dress which she had seen in the magazine.

E) My brother, whose car was stolen, reported it to the police.

Часть 3: Чтение и Контекст (Вопросы 31-35)

Инструкция: Прочитайте текст и выберите один правильный вариант ответа на каждый вопрос.

Текст:

The phenomenon of bioluminescence, the emission of light by living organisms, is a captivating spectacle predominantly observed in marine environments. This biological light is produced through a chemical reaction involving a light-emitting molecule called luciferin and an enzyme, luciferase. Oxygen is typically also required for the reaction to occur. Bioluminescence serves various functions for different organisms, including communication, camouflage, attracting prey, and deterring predators. For instance, deep-sea anglerfish use a bioluminescent lure to attract unsuspecting prey in the abyssal darkness. Certain species of squid can emit clouds of bioluminescent ink to confuse predators, allowing for escape. Furthermore, some bacteria use bioluminescence for quorum sensing – a system of stimulus and response correlated to population density, enabling them to coordinate group behavior. While less common on land, fireflies are a well-known terrestrial example, using light flashes for mating signals. The diversity of organisms exhibiting bioluminescence and the variety of its applications underscore its evolutionary significance across different taxa. However, the precise evolutionary pathways and the full extent of its ecological roles are still areas of active scientific investigation.

Вопросы:

31. What is the primary purpose of the text?

A) To describe the chemical process of photosynthesis.

B) To explain the phenomenon of bioluminescence, its mechanism, and functions.

C) To compare bioluminescence in marine and terrestrial organisms.

D) To detail the evolutionary history of fireflies.

E) To argue for the conservation of bioluminescent species.

31. According to the text, what are the essential components for the chemical reaction producing bioluminescence?

A) Chlorophyll and sunlight

B) Luciferin, luciferase, and usually oxygen

C) Hemoglobin and iron

D) Carbon dioxide and water

E) Enzymes and carbohydrates

31. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a function of bioluminescence?

A) Attracting mates

B) Confusing predators

C) Generating heat

D) Luring prey

E) Communicating within a species (quorum sensing)

31. The text suggests that bioluminescence is:

A) Exclusively found in deep-sea creatures.

B) More common in terrestrial environments than marine ones.

C) A relatively simple process with limited functions.

D) An evolutionary adaptation with diverse roles across different species.

E) Fully understood by scientists in terms of its evolution and ecology.

31. The word "deterring" in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to:

A) Attracting

B) Encouraging

C) Discouraging

D) Observing

E) Assisting

Часть 4: Сопоставление (Вопросы 36-40)

Инструкция: В каждом вопросе сопоставьте элементы из списка 1 с элементами из списка 2. Выберите вариант ответа (A, B, C, D или E), который представляет собой правильную комбинацию всех совпадений.

36. Сопоставьте фразовые глаголы (Список 1) с их значениями (Список 2).

**Список 1** **Список 2**

1. Look into i. To postpone or delay

2. Bring about ii. To investigate or examine

3. Get over iii. To cause something to happen

4. Put off iv. To use up the supply of something

5. Run out of v. To recover from an illness or disappointment

A) 1-ii, 2-iii, 3-v, 4-i, 5-iv

B) 1-i, 2-ii, 3-iii, 4-iv, 5-v

C) 1-ii, 2-v, 3-i, 4-iii, 5-iv

D) 1-iii, 2-ii, 3-iv, 4-v, 5-i

E) 1-v, 2-iv, 3-iii, 4-ii, 5-i

37. Сопоставьте идиомы (Список 1) с их значениями (Список 2).

**Список 1** **Список 2**

1. Bite the bullet i. To reveal a secret

2. Break the ice ii. Something very easy to do

3. Spill the beans iii. To initiate social interaction

4. A piece of cake iv. Rarely

5. Once in a blue moon v. To face a difficult situation with courage

A) 1-v, 2-iii, 3-i, 4-ii, 5-iv

B) 1-iii, 2-v, 3-i, 4-iv, 5-ii

C) 1-v, 2-i, 3-iii, 4-ii, 5-iv

D) 1-ii, 2-iii, 3-v, 4-iv, 5-i

E) 1-iv, 2-iii, 3-i, 4-ii, 5-v

38. Сопоставьте типы условных предложений (Список 1) с их структурами (Список 2).

**Список 1** **Список 2**

1. Zero Conditional i. If + Past Perfect, ... would have + Past Participle

2. First Conditional ii. If + Past Simple, ... would + Base Verb

3. Second Conditional iii. If + Present Simple, ... Present Simple

4. Third Conditional iv. If + Should + Base Verb, ... Imperative / Will + Base Verb

5. Mixed Conditional v. If + Present Simple, ... will + Base Verb

(Past > Present) vi. If + Past Perfect, ... would + Base Verb (extra option)

A) 1-iii, 2-v, 3-ii, 4-i, 5-vi

B) 1-iii, 2-v, 3-ii, 4-vi, 5-i

C) 1-v, 2-iii, 3-ii, 4-i, 5-vi

D) 1-iii, 2-iv, 3-ii, 4-i, 5-v

E) 1-iii, 2-v, 3-i, 4-ii, 5-vi

39. Сопоставьте части предложений (Список 1) с их продолжениями (Список 2), чтобы получились грамматически верные и логичные предложения.

**Список 1** **Список 2**

1. No sooner had he arrived i. ...than it started to rain heavily.

2. Not only did she finish the project ii. ...did he realize his mistake.

3. Hardly had the movie begun iii. ...should you need any assistance.

4. Only after checking the data iv. ...than the phone rang.

5. Feel free to contact me v. ...but she also helped her colleagues.

A) 1-iv, 2-v, 3-i, 4-ii, 5-iii

B) 1-i, 2-v, 3-iv, 4-ii, 5-iii

C) 1-iv, 2-iii, 3-i, 4-ii, 5-v

D) 1-iv, 2-v, 3-ii, 4-i, 5-iii

E) 1-v, 2-iv, 3-i, 4-ii, 5-iii

40. Сопоставьте слова, связанные с окружающей средой (Список 1), с их определениями (Список 2).

**Список 1** **Список 2**

1. Deforestation i. The variety of plant and animal life in the world or in a particular habitat.

2. Biodiversity ii. A gradual increase in the overall temperature of the earth's atmosphere.

3. Erosion iii. The process whereby productive land becomes desert.

4. Desertification iv. The clearing of trees, transforming a forest into cleared land.

5. Global Warming v. The process of soil and rock being worn away by wind, water, or ice.

A) 1-iv, 2-i, 3-v, 4-iii, 5-ii

B) 1-i, 2-iv, 3-v, 4-iii, 5-ii

C) 1-iv, 2-i, 3-iii, 4-v, 5-ii

D) 1-v, 2-i, 3-iv, 4-iii, 5-ii

E) 1-iv, 2-iii, 3-v, 4-i, 5-ii

Часть 1: Грамматика (Вопросы 1-20) - 1 правильный ответ (Ответы такие же, как в Версии 1)

1. A

2. C

3. D

4. B

5. C

6. C

7. C

8. A

9. B

10. C

11. C

12. A

13. B

14. B

15. A

16. D

17. D

18. A

19. B

20. B

Часть 2: Грамматика (Вопросы 21-30) - от 1 до 3 правильных ответов (Ответы такие же, как в Версии 1) 21. B, C, E 22. B, C 23. A, B, D 24. B, C 25. B, C, D 26. A, B, E 27. A, B, D 28. A, E 29. B, C, E 30. A, D, E

Часть 3: Чтение и Контекст (Вопросы 31-35) - 1 правильный ответ (Ответы такие же, как в Версии 1) 31. B 32. B 33. C 34. D 35. C

Часть 4: Сопоставление (Вопросы 36-40) - 1 правильная комбинация 36. A (1-ii, 2-iii, 3-v, 4-i, 5-iv) 37. A (1-v, 2-iii, 3-i, 4-ii, 5-iv) 38. A (1-iii, 2-v, 3-ii, 4-i, 5-vi) 39. A (1-iv, 2-v, 3-i, 4-ii, 5-iii) 40. A (1-iv, 2-i, 3-v, 4-iii, 5-ii)