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Polyester is one of the most commonly-used fabrics in the world today. It is used in almost everything, from clothing to furnishings and even home insulation. Yet there are still mixed feelings about whether or not we should be using it, with some claiming that the benefits are outweighed by the drawbacks. Polyester is a synthetic material, so of course it has a number of advantages over traditional textiles. It is wrinkle-resistant and is normally pre-shrunk, so it will hold its shape even after being washed at home. Most important, however, is its absorbency. Although it is a hydrophobic textile, polyester does in fact absorb oil, which means that a special finish can be applied to give it properties such as fire resistance. The versatility of polyester means that there is an almost infinite number of applications for the fabric That said, the production of polyester has a considerable impact on the planet. It is created through a chemical reaction that takes place between an acid and an industrial alcohol, and is derived from both coal and petroleum among other materials. The use of fossil fuels means that the production process carries with it a sizeable carbon footprint. What’s more, it’s a notably water-intensive process, using as much as 71.000m3 of water in the time it takes to make just one tonne of fibres! Depending on your point of view, polyester can be seen either as 2 solution or a problem. It is extremely durable, long-lasting and warm. And can be specially treated to serve of wide variety of purposes. However. as with all synthetics, it isn’t very breathable, which is something many find uncomfortable. What's more, the durability of the fabric is something of a double-edged sword, as it can take as long as 200 years to decompose! While the utility of polyester is beyond question, it seems clear that further developments are the way to bring the fabric into the 21st century.

1. Read the text and choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D) for questions 1-5.

1. What is the purpose of the text?

A) To highlight the strengths and qualities of synthetic fabrics.

B )To draw attention to the disadvantages of wearing polyester.

E) To compare positive and negative aspects of using polyester.

D) To analyse processes involved in polyester manufacturing.

2. According to paragraph 2, which of the following is NOT true?

A) Polyester is typically washed and dried before being sold.

B) Polyester clothes tend to become loose and baggy.

C) Clothes made from polyester do not soak up water easily.

D) Polyester is an extremely adaptable material.

3. In paragraph 3, the writer says that...

A. industrial alcohol is the main component of polyester.

B. manufacturing polyester produces large amounts of emissions.

C .polyester manufacturing uses less water than other fabrics.

D. a significant amount of time is needed to make one tonne of polyester.

4. What does the writer mean by the term ‘double-edged sword’?

A. Something that can have both positive and negative effects.

B . Something that can withstand great amounts of pressure.

E . Something that can complete a wide variety of tasks.

D/ Something that can be viewed in two very different ways.

4. What is the writer's overall attitude at the end of the text?

A. The negative aspects of polyester have been exaggerated.

B .The current polyester production methods should be banned.

E. The textile industry ought to modernise its practices.

D. The people buying polyester must change their perspective.

(4*5= 20)

2. Fill in: repel, convert, employ, pioneer, withstand, engineer, infuse, soar, compile,

promote.

1. In order to conserve the planet, governments must ..... the use of eco-friendly dyes.

2. Manufacturers can now...... fabrics for use in specific situations.

3. It is hoped that we can …… our clothing with tech in the near future.

4. Strong fibres can ……. being bent and creased.

5. We used a variety of sources to ............ our report.

6. Each year, designers .... .. new techniques which change the fashion industry.

7. While some fabrics are designed to soak up water, others ……….. it.

8. The number of clothing manufacturers in Kazakhstan is expected to …….. in

the near future.

9. Through the use of colour, we can ……… psychological principles to evoke

an emotional reaction.

10. There are now clothes which can …….. and store kinetic energy.

(10*2=20)

3. Match the phrases to form sentences.

1. I was so excited a. whether this design will be popular.

2. It’s doubtful b. when I realised my terrible mistake.

3. We were shocked c. How successful her first business was.

4. I felt awful d. to hear your wonderful news!

5. It’s unbelievable e. to read about the accident.

(5*4=20)

4. Вставьте глаголы из скобок в форме Present Simple. Yan is at a summer camp in Poland. Write what he usually does in the camp. Put the verbs in bracket in the correct form.

1. He ________ (get) up at 7.

2. He ________ (have) his English lesson every day.

3. Не ________   (speak) English to his friends.

4. He   ________  (play) board games in the afternoon.

5. Sometimes he  ________  (swim) in the lake.

(5*3=15)

5. Расставьте прилагательные в скобках в правильном порядке.

1. It’s a(n) (Italian, big, red, new) car.

2. It’s a(n) (pink, small, birthday, rectangular, beautiful) card.

3. It’s a(n) (toy, large, wooden, old) box.

4. It’s a(n) (wonderful, stone, Greek, ancient) column.

5. It’s a(n) (silk, wedding, white, expensive) dress.’

(5*2=10)

6. Write Russian equivalents of this words

1. brick-and-mortar store- 2. Hydroponics 3. Entrepreneurship 4. fiver

2. get stuck in a rut

3. Raw material

4. Soar

5. Infuse

6. Dorsal fin

7. Pectoral

8. Peduncle

9. Tissue

10. the human brain

11. hypothalamus

12. the cerebrum

(15*1=15)