Reading
Task 1. Read the text about production of silk and complete the task.
The story of silk
Silk is a fine, smooth material produced from the
cocoons - soft protective shells - that are made by
mulberry silkworms (insect larvae). Legend has
it that it was Lei Tzu, wife of the Yellow Emperor, ruler of China
in about 3000 BC, who discovered silkworms. One account of the
story goes that as she was taking a walk in her husband’s gardens,
she discovered that silkworms were responsible for the destruction of several mulberry trees. She collected a number of cocoons and sat down to have a rest. It just so happened that while she was sipping some tea, one of the cocoons that she had collected landed in the hot tea and
started to unravel into a fine thread. Lei Tzu found that she could
wind this thread around her fingers. Subsequently, she persuaded
her husband to allow her to rear silkworms on a grove of mulberry trees. She also devised a special reel to draw the fibres from the cocoon into a single thread so
that they would be strong enough to be woven into fabric. While it
is unknown just how much of this is true, it is certainly known
that silk cultivation has existed in China for several
millennia.
Originally, silkworm farming was solely
restricted to women, and it was they who were responsible
for the growing, harvesting and weaving. Silk quickly grew into a symbol of status, and originally, only royalty were entitled to have clothes made of silk. The rules were gradually relaxed over the years until finally during the
Qing Dynasty (1644—1911 AD), even peasants, the lowest
caste, were
also entitled to wear silk. Sometime during the Han Dynasty (206 BC-220 AD), silk was so prized that it was also used as a unit of
currency. Government officials were paid their salary
in silk, and farmers paid
their taxes in grain and silk. Silk was also used as diplomatic
gifts by the emperor. Fishing lines, bowstrings, musical
instruments and paper were all made using silk. The earliest
indication
of silk paper being used was discovered in the tomb of a noble who is estimated
to have died around 168 AD.
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