«The effect of computer games on the child»

 

 

 

Scientific work:

«The effect of computer games on the child»

Author:

Scientific researcher:

 

 

 

CONTENT

I. INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................4

II. THE MAIN PART

2.1. History of computer games………………………………………………...…7

2.2. Types of computer games played by teenagers………………………………9

2.3. The benefits and harms of computer games……………………………..….12

III. PRACTICAL PART

3.1. The impact of computer games on health.....................................................16

3.2. Survey……………………………………………………………………......18

CONCLUION…………………………………………………………………....20

Literature………………………………………………………………………...22

Appendix ………………………………………………………………………...23

Андатпа

Бұл ғылыми-зерттеу жұмысында балаларда компьютерлік ойын тәуелділігінің пайда болу мәселелеріне арналған. Компьютерлік тәуелділіктің негізгі аспектілері, оның пайда болу себептері мен белгілері қарастырылады; компьютерлік тәуелділіктің дамуын болдырмауға бағытталған ата-аналарға арналған ұсыныстар жасалды.

Аннотация

Данная работа посвящена вопросам возникновения компьютерной и игровой зависимости у детей. Рассмотрены основные аспекты компьютерной зависимости, причины и симптомы ее возникновения; разработаны рекомендации для родителей, направленные на предупреждение развития компьютерной зависимости.

Annotation

This work is devoted to the emergence of computer and gaming addiction in children. The main aspects of computer addiction, causes and symptoms of its occurrence are considered; recommendations for parents aimed at preventing the development of computer addiction are developed.

Introduction

Game is the great invention of the mankind. Game is the tool of knowledge for all human cultures and it is an indicator of tendencies of development of the culture. Therefore it is very important for everybody: parents, teachers, people of different professions to know these tendencies, their valuable spiritual sense, defining our movement with children in the direction of Good, Beauty and Truth or to the opposite side.

    Computer games are any of various electronic games that are played by manipulating an input device in response to the graphics on the screen. Computer game is a game that you play on a computer or on a small portable piece of electronic equipment.

   There is a set of various classifications of computer games where games are classified by various signs, for example, on genres:
1. the arcade is a game which differs in a simple and fascinating plot in which the major role is played by colorful graphics, and also there is a possibility to get points for this type of a game. 
2. an action –is a very wide genre which is subdivided into a set of subgenres. The main line of this genre is in the action that is very dynamic in the game, in the use of the weapon and, in frequent cases of violence.
3. puzzles – in this genre of computer games, the main goal is put in the solution of a set of logical tasks which demand from the player logical thinking, strategy and intuition.
4. strategy - in these games the key to succeed is put in the rational planning and strategic thinking. Here the player should operate not only one character, but the whole group of people, the country and management of the Universe is also possible.
5. the quest is one of main types of the games demanding from the player the solution of intellectual tasks that demands the plot. 
6. simulators - the basic principle of this type of games is exact reproduction of features of some concrete thematic area. Initially simulators were created by military for training the soldiers in management of specialized equipment, but process was so interesting that today the training programs regenerated this type of the game to the wide direction of the game industry.

Computer games have firmly entered our lives. Virtual reality beckons with its limitless possibilities, and the computer entertainment industry presents players with more and more new games every year, which it is simply impossible to refuse. No adult, much less a child, can imagine their life without them.

Gradually, real space is being replaced by virtual space, and this is an inevitable course of development of modern society. Our generation of children no longer knows life without computers, which puts a certain imprint on their psyche. Of course, "gaming" addiction worries everyone today.

What are the dangers of computer games and can they be useful?

You can talk a lot about the benefits of information technology and the computer in particular: this is both an aid to study, and entertainment, and a hobby. However, scientists in the West have long sounded the alarm about the harm of virtual space.

Currently, computers are an integral part of modern human life. At one time, it replaced a music center, a video recorder, a TV, various electronic computers and game consoles. Often we behave as if computers have been around us all our conscious life. Of course, for us, modern children, this is true. But for those who are now about 25-30 years old, recently the computer was a novelty and luxury. At the moment, a computer is more of a necessity than a luxury item.

The generation of our parents is the generation that read books, but now the parents themselves are already teaching the baby to the computer. And some parents believe that it is harmful to be at the computer and limit the use and play on it.

But, all parents want to see their children happy, healthy, smart and prosperous. On the one hand, can a child who spends a lot of time at the computer be healthy? And on the other hand, is it possible for a child whose parents have completely deprived him of the opportunity to spend time at the computer to become a successful person in life and find a decent job.

Relevance of the study. Currently, computer games accompany the child everywhere, not only on the home computer, but also in phones, tablets and other gadgets. With these gadgets in their hands, they can be found in shops, on the street, in transport and especially at school. A lot is being said about the benefits and harms of computer games at the moment. Undoubtedly, they talk about both the benefits and the harm, especially affecting the state of health.

The purpose of the study: find out which games students prefer, how much time they spend on gadgets, whether parents control this time and how passion for games and social networks affects health and academic performance.

Object of research: computer games

Subject of research: the impact of computer games on the health of children.

The hypothesis of the study is that if a person receives more information about the object under study (about the benefits and harms of computer games; will comply with the rules of using a computer; will strive to get rid of bad habits, thereby will not be subject to the harmful influence of computer games.

Tasks:

• expand knowledge about computer games;

• to form an idea of the harm caused to the human body and the benefits of computer games;

• determine the rating of the most popular computer games among younger students;

• to form the skills of conscious use and competent handling of the computer;

• formulate conclusions and develop recommendations on compliance with sanitary and hygienic standards when working with a computer.

In accordance with the tasks, the following research methods were used: theoretical, empirical:working with an information source: analysis and generalization of information; questionnaire, conversation;

* experiment, photo-fixation.

Practical significance: this work can be used in extracurricular activities, for discussions and seminars.

II. THE MAIN PART

2.1. History of computer games

Technological progress does not stand still and computers are increasingly entering our lives. If a computer was a luxury for our parents in childhood, then for a modern child it is a part of life, an indispensable attribute of it. And often children master it faster than their parents.

Thanks to the computer, humanity has many new opportunities. In particular, a lot of new things have appeared for the development of children. Easy access to information, educational programs, interactive whiteboards, creative programs that significantly increase the educational opportunities of children.

And yet, as many studies show, the main motive for purchasing a computer for many busy parents is to provide gaming leisure for children. At the same time, the computer assumes the role of a more active entertainment device than an ordinary TV or friends.

However, it should be noted that sometimes a computer is thought of as a friend who can interest a child, thereby freeing parents from this need. Adults do not even suspect what mistake they are making at this moment, because a computer is a powerful means of influencing a person.

Let's take a quick look into the past and remember what children played when there were no computers. There were a lot of games. No one suspected that something could appear in the world that would "radically" change their lives, character and habits.

The children were happy that tomorrow would come, and they would gather together again and continue to play. The worst punishment was if they were not allowed to go outside.

The games were made and composed by the children themselves. Children felt more comfortable when they were surrounded by various toys.

Previously, children and teenagers preferred to play outdoor games: bouncers, ball games, hide-and-seek. In role-playing games: dolls, cars; logical: sea battle, checkers, lotto.

But now there have been global changes. The day came when all the games (board games) and toys were left lying on the shelves and in the drawers. Now they resemble "museum exhibits": they are looked at, not played. Because something else has appeared. These are computer games.

The very first computer game - a dramatic duel between two spaceships - was called spacewar (space wars). In a couple of months in his spare time, it was created by several programmers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The group was led by Steve Russell and Martin Gretz, they met at the university tourist club and came together on the basis of a passion for science fiction.

In January 1962, they wrote a simple program, and a month later it was already a simple game with two missiles shooting at each other.

The round cathode display displayed a map of the fighting - a fragment of the night sky, copying the location of the stars above Cambridge. Two opponents using the keyboard or joystick could move their shuttles and shoot. Ammunition and fuel quantity were limited. To dodge the shot, you could spin around the star in the center of the map, using its gravity, or make a "hyper jump" - the ship disappeared and appeared in a random place on the map.

2.2. Types of computer games played by teenagers

Computer games using VR (virtual reality) technology can be prescribed to children with severe burns as an additional painkiller, BBC News reports. Australian doctors from the Adelaide Hospital believe that immersion in the world of monsters and aliens helps to overcome pain in such patients. Seven burned people aged 5 to 18 years were offered to play VR games during a long procedure for changing bandages.

At the same time, children who were given traditional painkillers were much easier to tolerate the dressing. As a "game" anesthesia, two miniature computer screens fixed on the head and a special sensor were used, which allowed children to move inside the virtual world and shoot monsters. Doctors explain this effect by the fact that children, switching to experiences inside the game, stop concentrating on their own pain sensations.

The Federal Mediation Service of the United States proposes to expand the standard elementary school curriculum with a special course that will help teach children to resolve conflicts peacefully. According to statistics compiled by American analysts, every third elementary school student complains of negative attitudes and bullying from peers.

As the main element of the new training course, it is proposed to use a computer game called "A good school in which peaceful laws operate". In this game with animated characters and "animated" objects, children are encouraged to find ways out of conflict situations by choosing one of four possible scenarios. After the child makes his choice, the consequences of the decision are shown to him. Currently, the game CoolSchool: WherePeaceRules is an experimental project.

The whole variety of computer games can be divided into groups using many different ways. Having studied various sources of information, Internet resources, articles, six main criteria were identified by which computer games are classified: by platform, game content (genre, setting), graphic image technology, by publishing criteria, by type of distribution of games, by number of players. Consider the most popular of them:

1. Classification by platform:

1.1. Personal computer (PC, laptop, netbook).

1.2. Game console or console (PS, Xbox, Nintendo).

1.3. Mobile device: phone, tablet, pocket computer (PDA).

1.4. Slot machine.

1.5. Browser or flash game (virtual Internet platform).

The main type of division of video games into categories is the division by platform. It indicates on which specific device the game can be run. This is most important because if a player does not have an appropriate platform, then he will not be able to play a game designed specifically for this platform.

Single Platform Game / Exclusive game is a game developed for a single platform.

Very often, developers try to reach the largest audience, so they release several versions of one game at once. Each of the game variants is suitable for its own hardware platform.

Multi-platform game is a game developed for several platforms at once.

Consoles are essentially the same computers, but with only one function - playing games. The narrow focus of these devices makes them easier to use and more efficient (the internal architecture of the consoles allows you to give a much better result, with the same technical characteristics as a computer).

For most consoles to work, you need to connect them to a TV, so they are also often called game consoles. But there are independent portable consoles, with a built-in screen.

Arcade machines were widely popular in America in the last century, and played a major role in the initial development of video games. Now the popularity of slot machines is extremely low. In our country, arcade machines can be found only in large entertainment centers for children.

Browser games are games that can be run in a browser window (a program for viewing Internet pages). A special device of browser games allows you to play them from any device that can connect to the Internet. All popular browsers: GoogleChrome, Opera, FireFox, InternetExplorer, Safari - support running small programs right inside Internet pages, which allows you to create browser games.

To date, the most well-known and used is the classification of computer games by genre.

A game genre is a group of games that have similar game mechanics and similar game rules. The genre of the game determines what actions the player most often needs to perform in order to win. Examples: in shooters you need to shoot well, in action games you need to have a good reaction and use a variety of abilities in battle, in platformers you need to overcome obstacles, in races you need to overtake rivals, in strategies you need to develop and act smarter than rivals.

This classification is not without drawbacks, like the previous one. The ever-growing capabilities of computers allow you to create games of a combined type, combining several genres and activities. Modern three-dimensional games often contain elements of a simulator game, an adventurous game, gambling and cover many aspects of human mental and motor activity.

Modern studies of computer games are connected not only and not so much with the leading activity in them, but with the influence that these games have on the player. The changes in the emotional, cognitive and behavioral characteristics of players, the phenomenon of dependence on computer games, the impact on the development of children, etc. are investigated.

2.3. The benefits and harms of computer games

Positive influence of computer games on a person

The harm of the computer has been talked about for a long time. More recently, such equipment was a luxury, and today it is in almost every home. And not only adults use the computer, but also children and teenagers.

Of course, the benefits of a computer are undeniable: interactive whiteboards, programs for creativity and learning, as well as the Internet, increase a person's educational opportunities and the level of his knowledge. Computer games are currently played by 60 to 90% of teenagers.

Computer games can also have a positive effect. "Shooting games" (Quake or Counter-Strike) practice reaction, teamwork skills and tactical decisions. Role-playing games (for example, Baldur'sGate) develop social skills. Strategy games (Heroes 3 or Warcraft) train the ability to analyze. Simulation games (racing, flying airplanes like IL-2 or NFS) broaden your horizons and help you understand the technique. Logic games develop spatial thinking.

Computer games give a good workout for the child's brain. Many games require good high-level abstract thinking to win. During the game, you can get the following mental skills: solving problems and problems, following instructions, coordinating the work of the motor and visual apparatus, logic.

In "shooting games" or "shooters", as they are called, a virtual character can shoot and move at the same time. In such a game, the player monitors many parameters, for example: how the character moves in space, what speed he has, how he aims, whether the character hit the target, etc. Taking into account all these factors, the brain coordinates its work, the visual information received with the movement of the hands and fingers. This whole process needs a lot of concentration of attention, coordination of eyes and hands, spatial thinking in order to eventually succeed. All these skills can be useful in later life. For example: thanks to video games, today's fighter pilots fly much better.

Strategies trains skills such as strategy and tactics, logistics and resource management. In such games, the player monitors many parameters, analyzes them and instantly makes decisions.

The games also develop reading and math skills. Players read instructions and received information from texts during gameplay. Mathematical abilities are needed to win many games due to the fact that quantitative analysis and the correct allocation of resources are often required.

Computer games develop perseverance.During the passage of more difficult levels in games, a person does not give up after losing, he continues to try again and again, using the accumulated experience, until he wins.

The negative impact of computer games on a person

But the impact of computer games can also be negative. The following main negative effects on the body have been identified from various sources of information.

Prolonged sitting behind the miracle of technology puts the body and, especially, the still immature child's psyche into tension. Working at a computer leads to poor eyesight and physical inactivity. The harmful effect of a computer on a child is also manifested in electromagnetic irradiation of the body. Large doses, which can accumulate over several years, can eventually cause serious consequences.

But most of all, a long stay at the computer harms the child and adolescent psyche. Let's consider the most common negative consequences of such computer influence on a child.

1. Fatigue

When a child sits at a computer for several hours in a row, he gets overworked very quickly. The reason for this is the nervous and emotional tension that requires the child to constantly concentrate attention and react quickly to this or that action.

American scientists have come to the conclusion that already at the 14th minute of working at the computer, the child becomes restless and distracted, and after 20 minutes, the influence of the computer on the child manifests itself in the suppression of the activity of the central nervous system.

2. Computer addiction

Child psychiatrists have been sounding the alarm for a long time, because computer games lead to constant excitation of the brain areas responsible for pleasure. As a result, the child wants to be satisfied for as long as possible, and this is a real addiction, which can even be compared with drugs.

But Japanese studies have shown that the influence of a computer on a child is so huge and strong that it can lead to a halt in the development of the brain. Children playing computer games become more aggressive and unable to control their emotions.

3. Violation of children's horizons

Our life constantly throws up various situations, the way out of which can be very different. We think and select what we deem necessary.

In games, it's the opposite. Their plot is most often linear, implying the use of only one, at least two or three ways. As a result, children's horizons are significantly narrowed, there is no point in fantasizing and imagining anything at all.

Such influence of the computer on the child leads to a serious mental disorder. A child, constantly clicking the mouse buttons, cannot experience the emotions that can be experienced when playing with cars, a constructor, cubes, etc. Fine motor skills of the hands suffer very much, because clicking the mouse and keyboard buttons cannot contribute to this.

4. Making the game a reality

Computer games cause great harm to children's perception. The fact is that children really like to bring to life what they see on TV or on the computer. If during the game the beloved hero tragically dies trying to save people or, like a climber, jumps on trees and floors of houses, then the child will be able to reproduce all these actions in reality. The influence of the computer on the child negatively affects the comparison of real and virtual events.

5. Child aggression and cruelty

The plot of most computer games is based on being able to survive, destroy your rivals, etc. Achieving these goals occurs most often through shooting.

That's what such a computer's influence on a child can lead to? To the fact that everything can be achieved in this life only through cruelty, aggression and the use of weapons. But children are able to take it seriously.

6. Childish selfishness

Very often, parents, in order to occupy the child with something, just sit him down at the TV or computer, and do not even realize that this leads to the development of child loneliness.In addition, computer games can develop egoism and isolation in children, because most of their plots are based on the principles of "survival of the fittest" or "everyone survives for himself."

7. Wrong perception of the world

The negative influence of the computer on the teenager is manifested in the wrong perception of the world picture. A long time spent at the computer leads to the fact that the child begins to look at everything real as something aggressive and cruel, and some children stop noticing this reality at all. At one time, a study was conducted called "Drawing the whole world". Two groups of children were gathered: some did not depend on the computer, while others spent days sitting near the monitor. As a result, the first group drew a bright and colorful world, with images of trees, people, and the sun. But in the drawings of the second group, there were clearly signs of increased anxiety, cruelty and fear. Some children even depicted weapons and dead people.

8. Unwillingness to communicate with real people

9. Waste of time

In fact, the child is deprived of his real childhood. Because computer games take up most of the children's time, which they could spend on something more useful and necessary.

III. PRACTICAL PART

3.1. The impact of computer games on health and academic performance at school

The most important danger that computer games pose is the emergence of gaming addiction. This is a real mental deviation that requires the help of a qualified doctor and the support of relatives and friends.

A person who has succumbed to addiction to computer games literally lives in virtual reality, only occasionally "going offline". The extreme degree of gaming addiction is when the player loses his appetite (he does not want to leave the games even for eating) and sleep (he spares time to rest and even in his sleep continues to conquer worlds and kill enemies). The worst thing about this addiction is that it usually starts quite innocuously, without arousing suspicion from close people. That's why it's so difficult to fight gambling addiction.

The harm of computer games is especially noticeable for children, among whom younger schoolchildren and teenagers are a special risk group. Their fragile psyche succumbs to the negative influence of games in a matter of days. In addition, children, unlike adults, do not know the measure and feel the sense of time worse – it seems to them that they spent only a few minutes at the computer, while several hours have passed.

Let's consider how dangerous different types of computer games are.

1. The most dangerous type of games is shooting games, because the gaming addiction caused by them is accompanied by aggressiveness, bitterness. And no wonder - shooting people for hours in the virtual world is unlikely to become a kind person.

2. "brodilki" and "air simulators" can have a detrimental effect on the psyche. These are mostly dynamic games, it's very hard to break away from them because of their non-stop plot. The meaning of the vast majority of them is to kill or blow up as much as possible as quickly as possible. In these toys, blood pours in buckets, and there is practically no information filling. According to experts, participation in such games leads to the fact that players begin to use similar methods of solving problems in real life.

3. brodilki, flying and racing are also harmful, which, although not characterized by aggression, require increased attention, delay, it is difficult to break away from them. Of course, it is absolutely impossible for the player to press pause during the next race or the passage of the maze.

4. "Racing" and "sports" games have less impact on the psyche. These toys are about neutral in terms of mental impact – they do not bring harm, but they also do not benefit from them, only a waste of time.

However, the harm of computer games affects adults as well. And if an adult can and should be next to a child who is obliged to break him out of gambling addiction, then few people follow an adult player. Over time, the player becomes inattentive, absent-minded, he does not get along with work, he ignores his duties. Gambling addiction causes the collapse of the family, problems at work, leads to depression and loneliness.

This situation can lead to the fact that children go further and are ready to ask and spend money to use paid services in online games. To become the strongest and coolest in a few minutes without "pumping" your hero for several months – well, who doesn't dream about it? People earn a huge amount of money from games, "infecting" children and adults with dependence on them.

In conclusion, I would like to pay special attention to the harmful effects of a computer on the health of the younger generation. Constant sitting at the computer can cause negative consequences: vision will deteriorate, there will be problems with excess weight and musculoskeletal system, numbness of the hands.

3.2. Survey

There is a risk group, that is, those people who are most often overcome by computer passion. First of all, it includes teenagers aged 10 to 18 years. And today it is most relevant – there is a computer in every home as well as Internet access. The number of computer games is almost limitless, and everyone can easily find the one that will be the most interesting. As a result, it is very easy to succumb to temptation and become addicted to computer games.

Therefore, the respondents of our study were students of grades 5-11 of our school.

The following questions were included in the questionnaire:

Age, how many years have you been familiar with computer games

How many times a week do they sit at computer games

Average time allowed per day for virtual games

What platform is being played on

Which genre type of game is more preferred

What health problems do they have, etc.

As a result, 80 students of grades 5-11 of our school were interviewed.

Of all the respondents, only 20 percent of students do not play computer games. Among the rest of the respondents, only 25 percent sit down to computer games on weekends 2 times a week. On average, students of our school spend about 1 hour (70%) on games every day, and the rest more than 2 hours a day.

According to the survey results, the most popular games were (in percent): shooters – 30, shooters - 30, tanks - 20, strategy - 15, others - 5.

The rest of the survey results can be found in the appendix).

Questions	Answer options
1. Do you have the opportunity to use a computer?	There is a computer at home	At parents' work	There is no possibility	No desire to work at the computer
2. How many hours a day do you spend at the computer?	Less than 1 hour	2-3 hours	3-6 hours	Less than 6 hour
3. What do you prefer while sitting at the computer?	Computer games	Search for information on the Internet	Use all of the above	Doing something else (specify what)
4. How often do you interrupt work at the computer?	Every 20 minutes	In connection with the meal	When I want to stretch my muscles	I work continuously
5. What is more important to you than a computer game?	Communicating with a friend	Watching your favorite TV show	Sports activities	Other (specify what)
6. What games do you prefer to play?	Counter Strike	GTA	FIFA	PC

CONCLUSION

My hypothesis was not fully confirmed. It cannot be said that computer games are good and you can play as much as you want, and in any games. As it is impossible to say that it is bad and it is necessary to abandon them.

The impact of computer games on children is ambiguous. Someone develops logical thinking, someone forgets about the real world around them.

Here you need to adhere to the main principle - do no harm.

A computer, like everything that surrounds us, can be both useful and harmful.

The problem of the influence of computer games on a person is very extensive and multifaceted. By doing this project, I supplemented my knowledge about how insecure working on a computer is. Gambling addiction syndrome is especially susceptible to children and adolescents. They can seriously associate themselves with virtual heroes and painfully experience their failures.

In the world of violent games, it is very difficult for a person with a normal mind to grow up, so parents need to monitor what games their child is playing and the duration of their communication with the computer. The only problem associated with it is the difficulty of returning to the real world.

While working on a research paper, I learned that a computer can become a friend or a sworn enemy, can help in trouble, or can add a bunch of problems, can help find like-minded people, or can lead to loneliness.

Life is so beautiful and diverse – and it would be so stupid to spend it all sitting in front of the screen. The computerization of our life has long become familiar and has brought with it, along with the benefits, a lot of problems. A computer is a tool with which you can earn money, communicate, and learn a lot of useful things. It's all about how to use it.

The harm and benefits of computer games are one of those questions to which it is impossible to give unambiguous answers. One thing is obvious: everything is good in moderation, and every person should be responsible for his life, know what is harmful and disastrous for him, and what is beneficial.

"In the modern world, you can't do without knowledge and computer skills. This is especially important for our children, because it is for them to live and develop our civilization in the future. The acquaintance of a child with a computer is possible from early childhood and it takes place in the process of computer games. And here the responsibility falls on the parents – whether these games will benefit or harm the growing body. It is necessary to take into account the repertoire of games, content, educational and developmental opportunities. It is also necessary to always remember about age-related health-saving standards. The computer and computer games should be assistants, not enemies of the child's development."

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Appendix 1

List of the most violent games

Grand Theft Auto (GTA)

Killer-7

50 Cent: Bulletproof

Manhunt

300: The Video Game

Scarface

The Godfather

God of War

Resident Evil 4

ATF,

Hitman: Blood Money

Nukern

Crusader No Regret

Quake

Doom, Duke

Warcraft 2

Mech Warrior 2

Pray for Death

Mortal Kombat

Daggerfall