The heritage of biys speakers in Kazakh society

SCIENTIFIC PROJECT :
The heritage of biys speakers in Kazakh society

This scientific project examines the history of the
emergence of oratory, including the features of the
oratorical art of the era of Kazakh women in Kazakh
society.
This scientific project examines the history of the
emergence of oratory including the features of the art of the
era of Kazakh biys in Kazakh society

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First of all, the bi had some special rights in the system of

state administration: according to the principles of the "Seven
Charters", he exercised judicial and administrative power (along
with the khan) within the boundaries of his subordinate tribe
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Plan: 1) Identify the relevance, purpose, objectives of the project

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2) Make a work plan

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3) Search stage

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4) Benchmarking

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5) Presentation

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6) Compilation of a dictionary

І. MAIN PART
1. 1 History of the origin of rhetoric
Until now, the art of national oratory, which has a centuries-old history, that is, the heritage of biys-orators,
has been valued as artistic speech, and its social significance, its important role in deciding the fate of the
state, has been neglected. It is obvious that in ancient Greece and Rome, the fate of famous orators such as
Demosthenes and Cicero was intertwined with the fate of the state. They made a great contribution to the
beautification of the state, its rise to the eternal pedestal, striving for goodness, happiness, bright times.
The Romans organized wordsmiths into four groups. They are: 1) speakers; 2) philosophers; 3) poets; 4)
historians.
Rhetoric, or the science of oratory, was considered the "king of arts". He had a great influence on the
development of poetics, logic, stylistics and grammar.
The science of rhetoric consists of four parts: a) invention, invention, creativity; b) decoration; b) placing
and c) performing or being able to say (Lomonosov M.V. Krattoe rudomno k ritorike).
In early times, the art of oratory flourished in Egypt, Babylon, Assyria, China, and India. However, the
continuous history of this art begins with Ancient Greece. Because the art of oratory was born out of social
necessity, social development took place in a slave society, and it appeared on the stage of history as a
destructive driving force for the revival of democracy. BC After the Greco-Persian war in the second half of
the 5th century, it became an important factor in state affairs and politics in Athens and its public life.
It was the noble duty of every Greek citizen to diligently learn this sacred art. At this time, the science of
rhetoric appeared. The profession of mentor teacher (rhetor) has appeared. And the orator is the Latin
word orare, which means to speak, to predict the unseen.

RESEARCH DEPARTMENT

• Oratory has three goals:
• 1. Persuasion; 2. To enjoy, to enjoy; 3. To shake with excitement.
• Rhetoric consists of 5 parts: 1) searching for material, 2) placing and
arrangement of materials, 3) summarizing with words, 4) memorizing, 5)
speaking skills.
• The first part itself is divided into: a) specific cases and b) general issues.
Specific cases are related to the address, time, and characters. General problems
are divided into theoretical and practical.
• The second part consists of five layers: 1) introduction, 2) content, 3) defining
the topic, 4) quotes, 5) summary.
• 1. In the introduction, it is considered to explain the essence of the main issue, to
attract the attention of the listeners, to share their mood.
• 2. The subject is discussed in the content. Content is characterized by clarity,
brevity, and truthfulness.
• 3. In the field of artistic language, a) careful and correct observance of the
grammatical and lexical norms of the language, b) using the word in the
universal meaning, and then without violating the natural combination, b)
choosing an original style appropriate to the sublime and phenomena, c) the
melodiousness and pictoriality of the artistic language, this in itself is divided
into two divided into: 1) sublimity and 2) pleasantness.

RESEARCH DEPARTMENT
• Rhetoric and its study
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Folklore is considered one of the ancient spiritual heritage of any nation. It
depicts people's mind, dreams, lifestyle, and business. That's why the oral
literature of a certain people gives information about the ancient culture and
history of that people, shows their attitude to life and the world.

• Speeches are one of the branches of Kazakh oral literature. Oratorical words,
like poetic sayings, are one of the main genres of Kazakh oral literature.
• It is of great literary value to carefully collect, research, sort and publish
eloquent words along with proverbs in improving the writer's skill and general
language culture. Because the field of speech art that has not yet been studied
enough is eloquence, wit, proverbs, proverbs, there are many examples of
artistic words that expand the mind and enrich the language.
• Oratory is usually born and developed in debate. It's no secret that
world-famous orators often come from statesmen, law officers, and members
of parliament. For example, the ancient Athenian (Greek) orator Demosthenes
and the Roman orator Cicero were first lawyers and then heads of parliament.
Russian speakers P. A. Alexandrov, F. N. Plevako, A. F. Kony and others who
lived in the 19th and 20th centuries were lawyers. In the same way, it is known
that famous Kazakh speakers Tole, Kazybek, Aiteke biys.
•

RESEARCH DEPARTMENT
• Formation of national oratory science

• The history of the science of national oratory, of course, begins with the
sedentary scholar Abu Nasir al-Farabi, who was called the "Aristotle of
the East". In his complex treatise "Rhetorics", he first derives his
scientific-theoretical groupings from the usual practical purpose and scope
of application.

• Al-Farabi, the second teacher of the East, writes in his philosophical
treatise that "ingenuity is a good moral quality." In another point, the akim
of a benevolent city should have 12 excellent qualities. One of them is
"the owner of sharp words and a dilmar who can clearly tell everything
that comes to his mind." A scholar pays attention to how an opinion is
formulated. It is determined that the opinion is digested in two different
ways: "either by clear evidence or by inference."

Conclusion
Each people had their khans, rulers or spiritual teachers according to their times.
In the same way, according to the stage of development of the history of the
Kazakh country, there were biys that advised the khans, spoke the words of the
black people, and solved various problems.
Judges were not selected based on their origin or age, standard of living. They
were chosen by the people from a young age to become righteous judges based
on their amazingly skillful speech and good deeds. A biyer is not a ruler, he
should be able to convey his words to the people, he should be fair, honest,
worthy of people's trust. S. Negimov explains the concept of biys in his book
"The Art of Oratory": "The heritage of biyers is the fate of the nation, the age, the
state, the life, the phenomena of life, the world of morality, which are
comprehensively touched upon, fairly weighed, digesting opinions that support
great conclusions, and making delicate analyzes. , an incomparable textbook of
life that shows the intellectual level and spiritual nature of the native people.
In the history of oratorical art, each of them is suitable for its own era: Maiky
Bi, Asankaigy Bi, Jerenshe Chechen Bi, Anet baba Bi, Tole Bi, Kazybek Bi,
Aiteke Bi, Syrym Bi, Eskeldi Bi. Karaul Kanai Bi, Baydaly Bi, Beltirik Bi,
Jankutty Bi, Aktailak Bi. etc. . can be named. They surprised with their freedom
of thought, quickness, resourcefulness, eloquence of their language, quick
reasoning, criticality and honesty.