II
Operationally - executive
stage.
1) The new material
study.
Glossary of essential terms
for you know [1].
EN
|
RU
|
KZ
|
Dermis
|
Дерма
|
Дерма
|
Epidermis
|
Эпидерма
|
Эпидерма
|
temperature
|
Температура
|
Температура
|
Permit
|
Позволяет,
допускает
|
Ерік беру,жол
беру
|
hypodermis
|
Гиподерма
|
Гиподерма
|
sweat
glands
|
Потовые железы
|
Тер
безі
|
hair
follicle
|
Волосяной фолликул
|
Жабындық
фоликула
|
waterproof
barrier
|
Водонепроницаемый
барьер
|
Су өткізбейтін
бөгет
|
subcutaneous
tissue
|
Соединительная ткань
|
Байланыстырушы
ұлпа
|
Fat
|
Жир
|
Май
|
melanocyte
|
Меланоцит
|
Меланоцит
|
Hair
|
Волосы
|
Шаш
|
Sebaceous
|
Сальный
|
Майланған
|
Sensory nerve
ending
|
Чувствительное нервное окончание
|
Сезімтал жүйке
ұштары
|
Apocrine
|
Отделяющий
|
Бөліп
тұратын
|
Eccrine
|
Эндокринный
|
Эндокриндік
|
The division
of class into groups, using a mosaic
(the image of a bird and a frog).
1 st group: skin structure
(work with text
2nd group-function of the skin
(work with text)
Text.
Skin is the integument of the human body. The
area of the skin of an adult is 1.5–1.6 m2. Skin consists of three
layers: 1. Epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin composed of
squamous cells. This layer is characterized into two distinct
types: thick skin and thin skin. 2. Dermis is the thickest layer of
skin that lies beneath and supports the epidermis. 3. Hypodermis
(subcutaneous tissue) lowermost layer of the body integument that
helps to insulate the body and cushion internal organs. Other
components of the skin are hair, nails, sweat glands, oil glands,
blood vessels, lymph vessels, nerves and muscles. The epidermis is
formed by epithelial tissue. Its thickness is 0.07–2.5 mm. The
outer layer of the epidermis is the stratum corneum
(keratinocytes), the internal one is the basal layer (consists of
basal cells and melanocytes). The stratum corneum consists of dead
cells. Basal layer is below the stratum corneum. It consists of
living cells. These cells constantly divide to produce new cells
that are pushed upward to the layers above. Basal cells become new
keratinocytes, which replace the older ones that die and are shed.
Within the basal layer are melanin-producing cells known as
melanocytes. Melanin is a pigment that helps to protect the skin
from harmful ultraviolet solar radiation. The epidermis has sensory
nerve terminals (receptors). Derivatives of stratum corneum are
nails. The dermis is the thickest layer of skin (0.5 to 5 mm).
There are papillary and reticular layers in the dermis. The
papillary layer consists of loose fibrous connective tissue and
form protrusions into the epidermis. It contains blood and lymph
vessels, receptors, fibers that give strength and elasticity to the
skin. Under the papillary layer is a reticular layer. It contains
sebaceous (oil) glands, sweat glands, hair follicles. Sweat glands
regulate body temperature by transporting water to the skin’s
surface where it can evaporate to cool down the skin. Such gland
consists of a body and excretory duct which opens on the surface of
the skin. The human organism have 2–3 million sweat glands. A lot
of them are on the face and hands. Sweat glands secrete sweat.
Sweat contains H2O, ammonia, urea, mineral salts. Sebaceous (oil)
glands secret oil that helps to waterproof the skin and protect it
against microbes. They are attached to hair follicles. Hairs are
derivatives of skin. A hair consists of a hair bulb, root and stem.
Hair follicles are tube-shaped cavities that enclose the hair root
and providenourishment to the hair. Vessels and nerves enters the
hair follicle. Muscles attached to the hair follicle raises the
hair. The hypodermis is composed of fat and loose connective
tissues; this layer of the skin insulates the body and cushions and
protects internal organs from injury. Functions of the skin: ‒
protection of the organism from the harmful mechanical, chemical,
microbiological external factors; ‒ thermoregulation; ‒ metabolic
(involved in metabolism of vitamin D, urea, water and salt
balance); ‒ it is the organ responsible for the sense of touch (due
to tactile, thermal and pain
receptors)[2].
Creating a poster and its
protection. The roles are distributed in the group; the rules of
work in the group are repeated. Group rating: 2 star reception, 1
wish
Distribute roles in a group
(card)
reader reads
aloud;
secretary - records something
on behalf of the group;
the speaker at the blackboard
tells what the band has decided;
scheduler-examines the
conditions of the task and plans
work;
Time-speaker - keeps track of
time.
Rules of work in a group
(card)
Be
active.
Listen to a friend without
interrupting.
Speak calmly and
clearly;
Speak only on
business;
speak in
turn;
react with gestures and
signs;
objecting or agreeing, look at
the speaker;
make sure everyone
participates in the conversation;
turn to a friend by
name
Relate the terms (work in
pairs)
RU
|
EN
|
KZ
|
Жир
|
Sebaceous
glands
|
|
Дерма
|
Dermis
|
|
Сальные
железы
|
Fat
|
|
Потовые
делезы
|
subcutaneous
tissue
|
|
Соединительная
ткань
|
sweat
glands
|
|
|