THE VERB

Verb and Subject Agreement

Exercise 1. Open the brackets and write the correct form of the verb.

1. The driver as well as the passenger (be) hurt in the accident.

2. The salt and the pepper (be) put on the table.

3. Not only she, but also everybody (be) embarrassed by his rude manner.

4. Two hours` study (be) enough for him to prepare for a quiz.

5. Not only the teacher, but also the students themselves (be) tired.

6. He was at his wit's end. His last sixpence (be) spent.

7. She as well as we (be) highly satisfied with their work.

8. Not only the earth but also the planets (move) round the sun.

9. Two thousand dollars (be) wasted by him in the casino.

10. (Be) either of them ready to go there?

11. Three Comrades (be) a novel by Remark.

12. Bread and butter (be) his usual breakfast.

13. If either of them (take) a leave now, we won't be able to finish the project.

14. My aim and objective (be) to make English grammar clear to everyone.

15. I can wait, four weeks (be) not so long.

16. The grey and blue blanket (be) washed today.

17. A variety of questions (be) put to the lecturer.

18. The number of books which we have to read for the exams (be) considerable.

19. A great number of students (be) present at the conference.

20. The great majority of writers, Painters, and architects (be) talented people.

21. The pair (Ann and Nick) (be) so absorbed in their own conversation that their surroundings were of little importance to them.

22. The majority (believe) that we are in danger of becoming extinct because of our destructive policy.

23. The majority of people (believe) that he is guilty.

24. The number of young people entering higher institutions (be) increasing.

25. A great number of books (be) in bad condition because the building of the library needs repairing.

The Verb to be

Exercise 2. Match the sentences on the left with their replies on the right. Pay attention to the use of the verb to be.

1) What's wrong with your son?	a) Don't be in a hurry, we've got enough time.
2) The Browns are nice people.	b) I am not interested in politics.
3) There is nothing to be seen.	c) I am through with it.
4) I don't think it's difficult. You shouldn't give in.	d) I am sick and tired of his words.
5) Have you finished the book?	e) I am against going there.
6) It is not anybody's fault.	f) He is starting a cold.
7) I don't like watching the news.	g) It is a pity you haven't made up your mind yet.
8) Why haven't you finished the work in time?	h) I am for inviting them to dinner.
9) He comes to see me every day and tries to persuade me.	i) The problem is worth solving.
10) I am trying to choose the topic	j) Nobody is to blame, for my essay.
11) Why are you so rushing about?	k) Who is responsible for it?

The Verb to have

Exercise 3. Give the interrogative and negative forms of the following sentences.

1. He has a lot of experience.

2. She has a bath every day.

3. She has got a lot of jewelry.

4. They have a lot of rare plants in their garden.

5. She usually has a rest after dinner.

6. They had late supper tonight.

7. We have got a lot of problems now.

8. They had a pleasant voyage last summer.

9. Her mother has a flat in the High Street.

10. The president has a bad cold.

The Verb to do

Exercise 4. Change the verbs in bold type by the appropriate form of the verb to do.

1. Peter speaks English as well as Ann speaks.

2. He spent as much money as you spent.

3. She reads as fast as you read.

4. They showed us more sights than our guide showed.

5. Mary sang much better than Emily usually sings.

6. He likes the same dishes as you like.

7. She uses the same perfume as I use.

8. He answered more questions than Pete answered.

9. The new teacher spoke much faster than our old teacher speaks.

10. She plays the piano as well as a professional plays.

11. We reached the camp earlier than our friends reached.

12. You know her as well as I know.

13. She likes to see the same films as he likes.

Modal verbs/Модальді етістіктер

Модальді етістіктердің қолданылуы
Модальді етістіктің атауы	Қолданылуы	Мысал
CAN, COULD	Қабілеттілікті, мүмкіндікті білдіреді	Can you skate?
	Белгілі бір жағдайда іс-әрекеттің орындалу мүмкіндігін білдіреді	You can see the forest through the other window.
	Рұқсат немесе өтініш	Can I use your car?
	Күмәндану немесе сенімсіздік	Can it be true?
	Бір нәрсенің рас болуының мүмкін еместігін	It can`t be true.
MAY, MIGHT	Рұқсат	May I borrow your pen?
	Сенімсіздік пен болжау, жорамалдау	He may be ill.
	Мақұлдамау, жазғыру, реніш	You might have helped me.
MUST	Істің міндетті түрде орындалуын талап ету	You must do your homework!
	Тыйым салу	He must not leave his room for a while.
	Эмоционалды кеңес, ақыл беру	You must not miss the exhibition. It is very good.
	Сенімді болжам жасау	Your father must be eighty now.
TO HAVE TO	Міндеттілікті білдіреді	He had to do it.
	Істі орындаудың қажет емес екендігін болымсыз сөйлемде білдіреді	You don`t have to go there.
TO BE TO	Алдын ала жоспарланып не, келісіліп қойылған істен туындаған қажеттілік	We are to discuss it next time.
	Бұйрықтар мен нұсқаулықтар	He says I am to leave you alone.
	Болуы тиіс істі білдіреді	He was to be my friend for many years to come.
OUGHT TO	Кеңес немесе қажеттілік	You ought to say a word about yourself.
	Қалаған істің орындалмағанын білдіреді (болымсыз сөйлемде)	You ought to have called on him yesterday.
	Қаламаған істің орындалғанын білдіреді	You ought not to have married her. It was a great mistake.
SHOULD	Міндет, кеңес, ақыл	It`s late. You should go to bed.
WILL/WOULD	Болымсыз сөйлемдерде істі	The doctor knows I won`t

	орындауға қарсы екендігін білдіреді, жай инфинитифпен қолданылады	be operated on.
	Жансыз заттармен қолданылып, олардың жарамсыздығын білдіреді	My pen would not write.
	Жиі қайталанылатын іс-әрекет	She will sit for hours under the old tree.
NEED	Қажеттілік	You need not be afraid of me.
	Болған істің қажетсіздігін білдіреді	You need not have hurried.

Модальді етістіктер және олардың эквиваленттері

Must – міндетті

To be to – міндетті (жоспарға, кестеге сай мағынасында және т.б.) Have to – міндетті (мәжбүр)

Should – істеуге тиісті (тиіс) (кеңес, ұсыныс) Ought to – істеуге тиіс (тиісті) (кеңес, ұсыныс) Can (could) – қабілетті, істей алу

To be able – қабілетті, істей алу

May (might) – қабілетті, істей алу, рұқсат, істі орындауға мүмкіндігі болу

Модальді етістіктердің шақтары

Past/өткен шақ	Present/осы шақ	Future/келер шақ
could	can	shall be able to do smth will
had to do smth	must	shall have to do smth will
might	may	shall be allowed to do smth will

Exercise 1. Сөйлемдерді қазақ тіліне аударыңыздар.

1. He could not go to work yesterday.

2. He was not allowed to cross the border.

3. She left before the end of the performance. She had to go home early.

4. People ought to be more tolerant.

5. She needn`t to wear such warm coat today.

6. When I came into the kitchen, I could smell the burning.

7. You will have to work hard at your English.

8. You cannot smoke here.

9. You do not have to break the law to become famous!

10. They were able to escape.

Exercise 2. Кестеде берілген сөз тіркестерін пайдалана отырып, can етістігін қажетті жерге қойыңыздар.

Model: Can you show me the way? I am a stranger here.

park (your car), show me the way, ride a bicycle, understand, trust, wait for us, close the window, swim, phone

1. … you …? I am cold.

2. You … here. Look for another place to park your car.

3. I … when I was three. My father taught me.

4. She … . She is afraid of water.

5. I … him yesterday. I did not remember his number.

6. We … him. He is a liar.

7. She … . She was in a hurry.

8. … you … him? I think he is speaking English.

Exercise 3. Сөйлемдерді can, could, be able to модальді етістіктерімен толықтырыңыздар.

1. I ….. drive now but next year I …… drive.

2. Last year he …… speak English as well as he …… speak this year.

3. I …… remember his name.

4. I …… cook a month ago but I am taking a course and next month I …… to cook.

5. She ……be babysit but I am not sure of that.

6. …… I help you? Do you need help?

7. …… you do the shopping in the evening? The fridge is empty.

8. ……you skate when you were six?

Exercise 4. Сөйлемдерде must, have to етістіктерін дұрыс қолданыңыздар.

1. He says I …… tell him the truth.

2. He said I …… win the game.

3. I …… look for another job next month.

4. I …… wake up early yesterday.

5. …… I type this article now?

6. I was late because I …… type an article.

7. I`ll prove it and you …… admit I`m right.

8. The house was too small for them and they …… look for another house last year.

9. I …… leave in an hour.

Exercise 5. Сөйлемдердегі ескертпе жазуларды дұрыс ретімен жазыңыз. Model: Children under 16 / to see the film. Children under 16 may not see the film.

1. You / to take dogs to the restaurant ……

2. Children under 7 /to enter unless they are with a grown-up ……

3. Alcoholic drinks / to be sold to people under 21 ……

4. Students / to smoke in the classrooms ……

5. You / to enter wearing a hat ……

6. Students / to enter without gowns …….

Exercise 6. Үлгі бойынша өтініш білдіріңіз.

Model: Mrs. Snow feels bad. She wants her boss to let her leave her office earlier. What does she say? May I leave earlier?

1. Ted is tired and needs a day off. What does he say?

2. Mr. Newton is nervous and wants to speak to the pilot. He asks the stewardess …

3. You want to use the telephone but the line is busy. Mary has been talking for forty minutes.

What do you say?

4. Your car has broken down and you must meet a friend at the airport. Ask your neighbour to let you have his car.

5. You don`t like your room at the hotel. You want to have another room. What do you say?

Exercise 7. Сөйлемдерді can/may етістіктерін пайдалана отырып, өзгертіп жазыңыздар.

Model: Perhaps he is joking. He may be joking.

Is it possible that he is angry? Can he be angry?

1. Perhaps she is angry. ……

2. Is it possible that he is washing his car? ……

3. Is it possible that he has returned? ……

4. Perhaps he is playing tennis. ……

5. Perhaps he has been working in the garden all this time. ……

6. Is it possible that she has been wearing these shoes for five years? ……

7. Perhaps he has misunderstood you. ……

8. Is it possible that he has lost his job? ……

9. Is it possible that she is badly ill? ……

10. Perhaps they have been discussing the plan since morning. ……

Exercise 8. Сөйлемдерді ағылшын тіліне аударыңыздар.

1. Сізге сұрақ қоюға бола ма?

2. Ол он минуттан кейін келуге тиіс.

3. Менің ойымша, сен барлық жұмысты өзің орындауың керек.

4. Ол бізге қоңырау шалғандықтан, біз оны шақыруға мәжбүр болдық.

5. Мен дәл уақытында келе алмаймын.

6. Кім сұраққа жауап бере алады?

7. Радионы қалайша жөндей алдыңыз?

8. Ол жерден керек заттың барлығын сатып ала аласың.

9. Бұл балалар жүзе алады.

10. Сағат неше болғанын айтасыз ба?

Exercise 9. Open the brackets and fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the verbs must, have to or to be to.

1. You (not tell) him about it. It's a secret.

2. It looks like rain. You (take) your raincoats.

3. You (not talk) so loudly here.

4. In his youth he (work) from morning till night to earn his living.

5. He (wait) at the station till it stopped raining.

6. The secretary informed us when the manager (come).

7. They (leave) on Saturday, but because of the delay with their visas they (book) tickets for Monday.

8. They (not tell) him anything about it before they get further instructions.

9. He (leave) for London that night. 10. I (do) it all by myself?

11. It was too late to change their plans and they _(put up) with it.

12. You (not prepare) all this work, I will help you.

13. Stay here till she is free. I think you (not wait) long.

14. We (conduct) a series of experiments this week.

15. Remember that we (be) at this place not later than noon.

Exercise 10. Read the situations and write sentences with should (shouldn't) have or

ought to (ought not to) have

Example: He had a test this morning. — He didn't do it well. He should have studied more last night.

1. She didn't take a taxi. She was late for the wedding.

2. I didn't eat at home. Now I'm hungry.

3. She bought a TV set last month. Now she regrets doing that. Her children watch it day and night.

4. He signed a contract without reading it thoroughly. Now he has discovered that he has no right to make any amendments there.

5. Mary sold her house. That was a mistake because now she spends a lot of money to rent an apartment.

6. I enjoyed the party last night a lot. Why didn't you come?

7. The driver in front of me stopped suddenly and I smashed into the back of his car. It was not my fault.

8. The boy went out without the doctor's permission now he is much worse.

9. When we arrived at the hotel there were no free rooms. We hadn't reserved one.

10. It was not a good idea for Tom and Mary to get married. Now they quarrel all days long.

Exercise 11. Choose the right variant.

1. She looks bad. She should (be/have been) more careful about her health.

2. You shouldn't (miss/have missed) the chance. It was a brilliant opportunity for you.

3. I think the policeman was right. She shouldn't (exceed/have exceeded) the speed.

4. I ought to (bring/ have taken) the opera glasses. Now I see nothing.

5. It seems to me that he is a hot-temper person and often flies into a rage because of mere trifles. He should (control/ have controlled) his temper.

6. They should (clear/have cleared) up the problem long time ago.

7. I ought not (to stay/have stayed) there long. The party was a failure.

8. You should (shave/have shaved) this beard of yours.

9. She should (be/have been) more attentive. Didn't she see a car on the right?

10. It's a secret. You ought not to (reveal/have revealed) it to anybody.

Exercise 12. Open the brackets and fill in the blanks with must, have to, be to, should, need, ought to (in some cases you may have several variants)

1. He (not go) to court because the case was dismissed.

2. If I'm late, I'll (take) a taxi.

3. The young (respect) the old age.

4. The conversation grew awkward. She felt that something (do), or else the party would break up.

5. They (meet) tomorrow, so you (not make) an appointment to see him.

6. You (have) a visa to enter a foreign country.

7. You (try) and be more punctual.

8. Why are you so late? — I (change) a tire.

9. You (not shout), I am not deaf.

10. They (cross) the English Channel now.

Exercise 13. Express your surprise and disbelief using can/could.

A in interrogative sentences.

Example: He is working now. — Can/Could he be working now?

1. He was at the party yesterday.

2. They are in Germany.

3. He has broken his leg.

4. They were sent to prison.

5. She got married.

6. He studies at Cambridge University.

7. She has been practicing the violin for five years.

8. He has made an interesting report.

9. He has won a lot of money in the casino.

10. They will go to the Canaries next summer.

11. He has passed his English exam.

12. She will be forty in June.

13. She is stubborn.

14. He was a cruel man.

В in negative sentences.

Example: He bought a new car.— He can't/ couldn't have bought a car.

1. You are mistaken.

2. They forgot about the meeting.

3. He is writing a new novel now.

4. She has bought a new fur coat.

5. He had an accident.

6. Mary will invite the Jones to her place for the weekend.

7. They upset our plans.

8. She wastes a lot of time.

9. Mr. Fox is a reliable person.

10. She is making a cruise now.