JSC "Semey City, Shakarim University".

Faculty of Engineering and Technology

Department of Chemical Technology and Ecology

ESSAY

Pocket personal computers

Author: Kabylkakov Amirzhan

2024 year.

Table of contents:

Introduction

1. History of the emergence of pocket personal computers

2. Advantages of pocket personal computers

2.1 Functions of pocket personal computers

2. 2. Operating systems of pocket personal computers

2.3. Smartphone

3. Conclusion

4. References

Introduction

In the modern world, everything flows and changes very quickly, the rhythm of big cities dictates its own rules and laws. A modern person, in order to keep up with the times, and not lag behind, must react to everything with lightning speed. And for this, more and more powerful devices are being created, the so-called “all-in-one”, a telephone and a computer, a music player, a photo - video camera, and satellite navigation. Based on this, the so-called PDA was created - a pocket personal computer, running an operating system.

The small size allows users to transform any place, be it a hotel room, an airport cafe, a table in a restaurant, into an office. This quality of it - portability - is especially valuable for those whose profession involves frequent travel and business trips. PDAs have display screens that hold five to ten lines of text.

By connecting to an appropriate printer, the user can print any file stored in memory; when a complex program requires additional memory space, memory cards can be used. Using a modem, which transmits computer data over a telephone line, a laptop computer can exchange information with other computers.

In English, the phrase “pocket PC” is a trademark of Microsoft and refers to one of the types of PDAs.

The purpose of this work is to study the functions of pocket personal computers. The objectives of this work are: studying history, the advantages of pocket personal computers and smartphones.

1. History of the emergence of pocket personal computers

The idea of pocket computers was finally formed in the period of the 70s - 90s. During this time, a path has been passed from programmable calculators to color PDAs that allow you to watch videos and access the Internet. About 10 new operating systems and about a hundred different PDA devices were created. The original term was first applied on January 7, 1992 by John Sculley to the Apple Newton at the Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas.

The beginning of the history of pocket personal computers (PDAs) can also be considered the moment when the first touch screens appeared. In 1993, Apple created the first PDA - Newton MessagePad. The pocket computer was powered by an ARM-610 20 MHz processor, had 4 MB ROM memory, 640 KB RAM, a touch display with a resolution of 336 x 240 pixels and weighed 400 grams. Almost immediately, the newly created Palm Computing company released Zoomer, a pocket computer.

In 1996, the Palm Pilot pocket computer, running the PalmOS operating system, appeared, and a year later the Pilot Proffesional pocket computer appeared.

PDAs turned out to be so successful, and the PalmOS operating system was so unpretentious, Microsoft Corporation soon released an operating system specifically designed for use in mobile devices - Windows CE.

In mid-2001, the first copies of the Nokia-9210 appeared, combining the functions of a PDA and a cell phone. The device operates under the Symbian operating system.

2. Advantages of pocket personal computers

2.1 Functions of pocket personal computers

A pocket personal computer (PDA, English Personal Digital Assistant, PDA “personal digital secretary”) is a portable computing device with wide capabilities. It is impossible to make calls from a “classic” PDA, and the PDA is not a mobile phone, so to date, classic PDAs have been almost completely replaced by communicators - PDAs with a cellular module and smartphones.

Functions of pocket personal computers: reading books, reference texts, dictionaries, encyclopedias, e-mail, web pages, magazines and other documents in different text formats.

Maps of the area. if there is a GPS module (global positioning system). It also makes all kinds of records: memos, contact information, databases, and can also automatically remind you of schedule points.

The sound player function is completely customizable by software: you can select a program with a suitable interface and functionality, and there is also a voice recorder when using additional software.

Makes notes by hand, which allows you to quickly sketch out a memo, with the ability to draw by hand using a stylus, as well as typing texts. An on-screen keyboard, handwriting input, and a full plug-in keyboard are available. Some models also have a slide-out keyboard.

View images, watch videos and various movies. As well as the availability of graphics programs.

Camera, video camera - built-in or connected.

You can connect to the Internet via a wireless Wi-Fi network. Provides remote control - all household appliances that have an infrared port can be controlled using specialized programs. Office applications, as well as PDAs, are actively used in the trading business by merchandisers to collect information about the remaining goods at the point of sale.

2.2 Operating systems of pocket personal computers

Operating system, OS, axis (English operatingsystem) - a basic set of computer programs that provides control of computer hardware, work with files, input and output of data, as well as the execution of various application programs and applications.

When you turn on your computer, the operating system is loaded into memory before other programs and then serves as the basis for their operation.

There are two concepts: “closed” and “open” operating systems.

There are three main operating systems (OS) for pocket computers - Palm OS, Microsoft Windows-CE and EPOC. They have much more differences in system resource requirements than Windows, Linux and Mac OS. The processors have different architectures. For the same reason (difference in architecture) it is impossible to equate the performance of PDAs and desktop systems, but the use of voice input in pocket computers suggests that their central processors have reached the performance of at least a Pentium processor. Palm OS. Today, handheld computers of the Palm family have become more widespread. This company itself makes the Palm OS operating system, which is tightly tied to the processor.

Symbian is an operating system that is becoming widespread in PDAs, cell phones and communicators. Nowadays, PDAs are increasingly becoming devices for communicating with the outside world, primarily through the World Wide Web-Internet. You can access the Internet from a PDA via a cell phone on almost any model from all manufacturers.

Today, the main operating systems for PDAs and smartphones are: Google Android, developed by the Open Handset Alliance; iOS from Apple; Windows Phone; Windows 10 Mobile. Also used: Windows Mobile BlackBerry from Research In Motion; GNU/Linux.

2.3 Smartphone

The so-called communicators - PDAs with a built-in mobile communication module. Communicators have a number of disadvantages compared to conventional PDAs, the main one of which is shorter battery life. By the beginning of 2008, classic PDAs were practically replaced by smartphones and communicators.

A modern smartphone has a small size and weight of about 300-500 g, an operating system suitable for running a full-fledged software - text editor, spreadsheet processor, games, equipped with a monochrome or color LCD screen. It is possible to connect a variety of external devices, both traditional (modem, printer) and special ones (bar code scanner, cell phone). Through a standard connector or an infrared port, you can connect the PDA to a desktop computer to exchange data in both directions. Data from a pocket computer can be transferred to a desktop personal computer in familiar formats (Excel and Word). The pocket computer is capable of operating from internal power sources from 20 to 60 hours.

The main manufacturers are Sony, Philips, Casio, LG, Compaq. The software package for the PDA includes synchronization programs that provide data transfer from a computer to a pocket personal computer and back via a USB port.

Using the example of Kyocera's Smartphone, it looks like a massive cell phone; it is a fully-fledged Palm device running on the Palm OS family. Smartphone ushered in a new era of devices designed to free users from the need to carry two devices at once: a cell phone and a PDA. You can call the numbers listed in your address book, as well as use all the capabilities of pocket computers. If your tariff plan allows, you can work with the Internet. The built-in microphone of the phone's computer is able to recognize the spoken phone number or the caller's name and dial the number independently. Samsung is preparing such devices as CDMA and GSM. CDMA devices NeoPoint-2000 and NeoPoint-2600 are phones with PDA functions.

3. Conclusion

Today's handheld computers (PDAs) are an example of miniaturization and advances in high technology that allow us to carry out work even when we are outside the home (for example, an office, a hotel room, a cafe).

A personal digital assistant (PDA) is quite small, but can still perform complex programs and text editing in addition to routine calculations. And thanks to this, she has more free time for herself and her family. The popularity of PDAs in Russia is growing day by day. In the near future, PDAs and smartphones will almost completely replace conventional cell phones. To keep up with progress, the time has come for us to think about choosing a PDA or a smartphone.

Moreover, at the moment, a smartphone is today a so-called pocket personal computer, because it contains various programs and is capable of performing the same functions as a PDA, but it is much more convenient to use and at the same time avoids the possibility of carrying 2 devices with you at once simultaneously (cell phone and PDA).

Thus, we can conclude that PDAs are currently practically replaced by modern smartphones.

4. References

1. Information technologies Gokhberg G.S., Korotkin A.A. 2014 Ed. Academy

2. Computer science textbook for universities Makarova N.V., V.B Volkov Published Peter 2013

3. http://information-technology.ru/articles/20-it/126-chto-takoe-karmannyj-kompyuter 

4. http://hpc.ru/lib/arts/1952/

5. http://megabook.ru/article

6. http://fb.ru/article/81191/chto-takoe-kpk-dlya-chego-nujen-karmannyiy-kompyuter

7. http://www.ihand.ru/history.shtml

8. http://ru-wiki.ru/