Unit 7. Youth travel.

The text: "Famous Explorers."

Exploration has always been a part of human history. Many famous explorers have traveled the world to discover new lands, cultures, and ideas. These adventurers have used various forms of transportation to reach their destinations, from boats to spacecrafts. Let's look at some of the most famous explorers and the types of transportation they used.

One of the most famous explorers is Christopher Columbus. He sailed across the Atlantic Ocean in a ship and discovered the Americas in 1492. Columbus's journey was long and dangerous, but he successfully reached the New World, forever changing history.

In the 20th century, Neil Armstrong became the first person to walk on the moon. He traveled in a spacecraft to the moon, making his journey one of the greatest achievements in human history. His famous words, "That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind," were heard around the world as he stepped onto the lunar surface.

Marco Polo, another famous explorer, traveled across Asia in the 13th century. He used camels to travel through the desert and along the Silk Road. Polo's adventures brought back valuable knowledge and goods from the East, and his stories inspired many future explorers.

In modern times, explorers can reach places much faster thanks to advanced transportation. Today, many explorers use helicopters, planes, trains, and even submarines to explore different parts of the world, from remote islands to the deepest parts of the ocean.

Vocabulary: Transportation

1. Boat: A small vessel used for traveling over water.

2. Bus: A large vehicle used for transporting many passengers, usually on roads.

3. Camel: A large animal used for transport in deserts.

4. Car: A road vehicle used to carry passengers.

5. Helicopter: A type of aircraft with rotating blades that allows it to take off and land vertically.

6. Horse: A large animal often used for riding or pulling carts, especially in history.

7. Lorry: A large motor vehicle used for transporting goods.

8. Plane: An aircraft that flies using wings.

9. Ship: A large boat used for transporting people or goods over long distances across the sea.

10. Spacecraft: A vehicle used for traveling in space.

11. Submarine: A vessel capable of underwater travel.

12. Train: A vehicle that runs on tracks and is used for transporting people and goods.

13. Bicycle: A two-wheeled vehicle that you pedal to move.

14. Tram: A type of vehicle that runs on tracks, usually in cities, for public transport.

15. Airship: A large balloon-like aircraft, also called a dirigible, used for travel in the air.

Grammar: Past Perfect

The past perfect is used to show that one event happened before another event in the past. We use it to talk about something that had happened before another action or event in the past.

Form of the Past Perfect:

Subject + had + past participle

For example:

Christopher Columbus had sailed across the Atlantic before he discovered the Americas.

Neil Armstrong had landed on the moon before he took his famous walk on its surface.

Negative form:

Subject + had not (hadn't) + past participle

Columbus hadn't discovered the Americas before his first voyage.

Question form:

Had + subject + past participle?

Had Marco Polo travelled across Asia before he returned to Venice?

Task 1: Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the past perfect

1. Marco Polo (travel) to China before he went back to Italy.

2. Neil Armstrong (land) on the moon before he took his famous step.

3. Christopher Columbus (sail) across the Atlantic Ocean before he reached the New World.

4. The explorers (arrive) at the island before the storm started.

Task 2. Write true or false.

1. Christopher Columbus traveled to America by plane.

2. Neil Armstrong traveled in a spacecraft to the moon.

3. Marco Polo traveled by camel across Asia.

4. Today, explorers can use airships to travel to remote places.

5. Columbus discovered America in the 20th century.

Task 3. Questionnaire about famous explorers.

Use the past perfect to ask and answer questions.

1. Had Marco Polo traveled by boat before he used a camel?

2. Had Neil Armstrong landed on the moon before he made his famous speech?

3. Had Christopher Columbus sailed to America before he met the indigenous people?

Writing Task

Write a short paragraph about a famous explorer and the transportation they used. Use at least three different forms of transport and use the past perfect to explain the sequence of events.

Example:

Before Marco Polo reached China, he had traveled across deserts and mountains using camels. By the time he arrived in the city of Beijing, he had already seen many new cultures along the Silk Road. His journey had taken several years, and he had collected many valuable goods and information during his travels.