Drug discovery and drug development презентация

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Prepared by: Gpoup: Accepted:Presentation Drug discovery and drug development

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Introduction : Drug discovery and development is a complex and multifaceted process that involves identifying promising drug candidates, testing them thoroughly, and ultimately bringing them to market as safe and effective treatments. This process is critical for advancing medical science and improving patient outcomes.

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Identifying Drug Targets 1 Target Identification Researchers use various techniques to identify potential drug targets, such as analyzing disease pathways, genetic data, and protein interactions. 2 Target Validation The identified targets must be thoroughly validated to ensure they are suitable for drug development and have the potential to treat the disease effectively. 3 Assay Development Sensitive and specific assays are developed to measure the activity of drug candidates against the target and guide the lead optimization process.

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Screening and Lead Optimization Screening Researchers use high- throughput screening to test thousands of potential drug candidates against the identified target, searching for promising lead compounds. Lead Optimization The most promising lead compounds are then further optimized through iterative cycles of chemical modification and testing to improve their potency, selectivity, and druglike properties. In Silico Approaches Computational methods, such as molecular docking and structure-based drug design, can accelerate the lead optimization process by predicting the interactions between drug candidates and their targets.

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Preclinical Testing and Animal Studies 1 Safety Evaluation Potential drug candidates undergo extensive in vitro and in vivo testing to assess their safety, including toxicology studies and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis. 2 Efficacy Evaluation Researchers use animal models to evaluate the efficacy of drug candidates in treating the target disease, providing crucial data to support clinical trials. 3 Formulation Development The drug formulation, including the delivery route and dosage form, is optimized to ensure optimal therapeutic effects and patient adherence.

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Clinical Trials: Phases I, II, and III Phase I Small-scale studies to assess the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of the drug candidate in healthy volunteers. Phase II Larger studies to evaluate the efficacy and further refine the dosing regimen in patients with the target disease. Phase III Large-scale, pivotal trials to conclusively demonstrate the safety and efficacy of the drug candidate in a diverse patient population. Regulatory Approval Upon successful completion of clinical trials, the drug candidate is submitted for regulatory review and approval to ensure its safety and efficacy.

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Regulatory Approval and Post- Marketing Surveillance Regulatory Review Drug regulatory agencies, such as the FDA or EMA, thoroughly review the clinical trial data and other information to determine if the drug can be approved for marketing. Approval and Launch If approved, the drug is then manufactured and distributed for use by healthcare providers and patients. Post-Marketing Surveillance Ongoing monitoring of the drug's safety and efficacy in the real-world patient population is critical to identify any unexpected adverse effects or issues.

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Challenges in Drug Discovery and Development High Costs The drug discovery and development process is incredibly expensive, with estimates ranging from $1-2 billion per successful drug. Long Timelines It can take 10-15 years or more to bring a new drug from initial discovery to market approval. High Failure Rates The majority of drug candidates fail during the development process due to issues with safety, efficacy, or commercial viability. Regulatory Hurdles Navigating the complex regulatory environment and meeting stringent approval requirements can be a significant challenge.

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The Future of Drug Discovery and Development Innovative Technologies Emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, and high- throughput screening, are poised to transform and accelerate the drug discovery and development process. Personalized Medicine Advances in genomics and biomarkers are enabling the development of targeted therapies tailored to an individual's genetic profile and disease characteristics. Global Collaboration Increased international cooperation and data sharing among researchers, pharmaceutical companies, and regulatory bodies can help address the challenges in drug development and improve patient outcomes worldwide.

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Literature: 1.  English for the pharmaceutical industry : textbook / M. Bucheler [and etc.]. - New York : Oxford University Press, 2014. - 96 p. + эл. опт. диск ( CD-ROM). –   2)Murphy, R Essential Grammar in Use: A self-study reference and practice book for elementary students of English [ Текст] : учебник  R Murphy. - 3th ed. - [S. l.] : Cambridge university press, 2013. – 319   3)Jakeman, V. New Insight into IELTS [ Текст] :  workbook / V. Jakeman, C. McDowell. - Cambridge : Cambridge university press, 2013. - 144 p  

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