Lesson Plan: Mining and Sediments

«М.Тынышпаев атындағы Қазақ көлік және коммуникация академиясы» АҚ

«Ақмола колледжі» ЖШС-і

Оқу сабағының жоспары

Сабақ тақырыбы:Unit 4. Mining and Environment.14. Theme 1. Mining and Sediments.

Модуль /пән атауы English language

Дайындаған педагог: Бейсебай Нурзия Жақсылыққызы

"04" қараша 2024ж

1.Жалпы мәліметтер. Курс, топ :9м-ОПУ-24-4к,9м-ОПУ-24-5к,9м-ОПУ-24-6к,

9м-ТОР-24-3к,9м-ТОР-24-4к,9м-ТОР-24-5к,9м-АТУ-24-2к.

Сабақтың түрі:теориялық

2.Goals

2.1. Understand the basics of mining and sediments

2.2. . Describe the process of sedimentary rock formation.

2.3.Identify various methods of mining and their impact on the environment.

2.4. Discuss the pros and cons of mining on ecosystems and society.

Міндеттері (Purpose)

All learners will be able to:Understand the basics of mining and sediments Describe the process of sedimentary rock formation.

Most learners will be able to:Identify various methods of mining and their impact on the environment.

Some learners will be able to:Discuss the pros and cons of mining on ecosystems and society.

3.«Біртұтас тәрбие» бағдарламасы бойынша аптаның дәйексөзі/құндылығы

Апта дәйексөзі: Әділдік пен жауапкершілік – біртұтас ұғым!

4.Oқу-жаттығу процесінде білім алушылар меңгеретін күтілетін нәтижелер және(немесе) кәсіби дағдылар тізбесі (Expected results)

Learners have met the learning objective if they can: prepare a poster about mining and make a speech about the importance of environmental protection

5. Қажетті ресурстар (resources):Using videos& pictures.Whiteboard and markers

Projector and PowerPoint slides.Samples of different sediment types (sand, clay, gravel, etc.)

A rock sample of sedimentary rocks (e.g., limestone, shale).Videos showing sediment deposits…

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6.Сабақтың барысы Lesson progress:

6.1.Activity 1: Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks (20 minutes)

1. Explanation:

Define sediments and describe how they form through weathering and erosion.

Discuss how sediments are transported by water, wind, and ice, and then deposited in layers.

2. Demonstration:

Show samples of sand, clay, and gravel to explain the different types of sediments.

Explain how layers of sediments compact over time to form sedimentary rocks.

3. Discussion:

Ask: “What are some examples of sedimentary rocks and their uses?” (Limestone, sandstone, shale).

6.2.Activity 2: Mining Methods and Environmental Impact (20 minutes)

1. Mining Techniques:

Explain key types of mining (surface mining, underground mining, placer mining).

Show a brief video illustrating each method.

2. Environmental and Social Impact:

Discuss the positive aspects of mining (economic growth, resource extraction) and its downsides (habitat destruction, water pollution, air pollution).

Highlight specific case studies of regions impacted by mining.

6.3. Group Activity:20 minutes

Divide students into small groups. Each group will discuss a specific type of mining and present its pros and cons to the class.

6.4.Conclusion and Recap (10 minutes)

Recap the key points: sediment formation, sedimentary rocks, mining methods, and their impacts.Highlight the importance of sustainable practices in mining.

6.4.Assessment and Homework.(10-minutes)

Worksheet: Distribute a worksheet with questions on sediment formation, types of mining, and environmental impact.

Homework: Research one mining site and write a short report on how mining has impacted the area’s environment.

This lesson plan will engage students with hands-on examples, group discussions, and real-world case studies to deepen their understanding of sediments, sedimentary rock formation, and the environmental and social impact of mining.

Homework:Prepare a poster.Card traffic lights:

Saying goodbye

ЦПК төрайымы

Worksheet 1

Mining is the process of extracting valuable minerals, metals, and other resources from the Earth. These resources, like coal, gold, iron, copper, and diamonds, are used for energy, manufacturing, and technology. Mining can happen on the surface, through open-pit mining or strip mining, or underground, where miners dig deep into the earth to reach resources.

While mining provides materials crucial for many industries, it can also impact the environment by causing habitat loss, pollution, and soil erosion. This makes sustainable practices important in modern mining efforts.

Mining can have significant impacts on the environment, including:

1. Habitat Destruction: Clearing land for mining can destroy ecosystems, leading to the loss of plant and animal habitats and sometimes even entire species.

2. Water Pollution: Mining often generates waste materials and toxic chemicals, which can seep into nearby rivers, lakes, and groundwater. This pollution can harm aquatic life and contaminate drinking water.

3. Soil Erosion and Sediment Pollution: Mining removes large amounts of soil, which can lead to soil erosion. When this soil is washed into nearby bodies of water, it can harm aquatic habitats and decrease water quality.

4. Air Pollution: Dust and chemicals released during mining and processing can pollute the air, contributing to respiratory problems and releasing greenhouse gases that contribute to climate change.

5. Acid Mine Drainage: Some types of mining expose sulfide minerals that react with water and oxygen to form sulfuric acid. This acid can leach into waterways, damaging ecosystems and killing fish and plants.

6. Energy Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Mining is energy-intensive, often relying on fossil fuels. This contributes to carbon emissions and exacerbates climate change.

These environmental impacts make sustainable mining practices, like land reclamation and waste management, essential to reduce harm and promote environmental health.

Sediments are small particles of rock, minerals, or organic material that are transported and deposited by water, wind, or ice. They can range in size from tiny grains of sand and silt to larger pebbles and even boulders. Over time, these sediments accumulate in layers and, through processes like compaction and cementation, they form sedimentary rocks.

What are sediments?

Sedimentary rocks are one of the three main types of rocks (alongside igneous and metamorphic) and are formed through the deposition and solidification of sediment. Common types of sedimentary rocks include:

1. Sandstone: Formed from sand-sized particles.

2. Shale: Made from very fine clay or mud particles.

3. Limestone: Often composed of calcium carbonate from shells or marine organisms.

These rocks are important in geology for preserving fossils and providing insight into Earth's history, as the layers can reveal changes in past environments over time.

Worksheet 2

Mining has both positive and negative impacts, largely depending on the methods, regulations, and technologies in place. Here’s an overview:

Pros and cons of mining.Pros of Mining

1. Economic Growth and Job Creation

Mining contributes significantly to the economy by creating jobs and generating revenue. It provides employment for millions worldwide and is essential for the economies of many resource-rich countries.

2. Raw Material Supply

Mining provides essential resources like metals (copper, iron, aluminum), precious minerals (gold, diamonds), and rare earth elements, which are critical for many industries, including electronics, construction, and energy.

3. Infrastructure Development

Mining often leads to improved infrastructure, such as roads, electricity, and water supply, especially in remote areas. These improvements can benefit local communities beyond the mining operations.

4. Technological Advancement

The mining industry drives innovation and technological advancements, such as automation, more efficient machinery, and environmentally-friendly techniques, which can improve efficiency and reduce environmental damage.

5. International Trade

Minerals and metals are essential for trade and are often exported, supporting international commerce and allowing resource-rich countries to develop economically.

Cons of Mining

1. Environmental Damage

Mining can have significant environmental impacts, including deforestation, soil erosion, water pollution, and biodiversity loss. Some mining techniques, like open-pit and mountaintop removal mining, are especially damaging.

2. Pollution

Mining often releases harmful chemicals and pollutants, such as mercury, arsenic, and sulfuric acid, into nearby air, water, and soil. This can lead to long-term health risks for local populations and harm ecosystems.

3. Depletion of Resources

Mining is a non-renewable activity. Over-exploitation of mineral resources can lead to resource depletion, making it unsustainable in the long run.

4. Health and Safety Risks

Mining can be hazardous to workers due to exposure to toxic substances, accidents, cave-ins, and respiratory illnesses caused by dust inhalation. Even with regulations, mining can still be dangerous work.

5. Community Displacement

Large mining projects often require relocation of communities, which can lead to loss of homes, cultural heritage, and livelihoods. This displacement can disrupt social structures and lead to community conflicts.

6. Economic Dependence and Instability

Countries relying heavily on mining may experience economic instability if demand or prices for resources fall. This “resource curse” can stifle development in other sectors and lead to dependency.

Conclusion:Mining has undeniable economic benefits, but it must be managed carefully to mitigate environmental and social costs. Advances in sustainable practices, environmental regulations, and responsible mining standards aim to reduce negative impacts and make mining more sustainable.